Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in cystic fibrosis.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. Factors including the steady aging of the CF population, the apparent increase of NTM in the environment, and the potential for patient-to-patient transmission, may contribute to increased acquisition. Diagnosis of NTM disease is challenging due to disease overlap; thus, comprehensive care of the CF patient must be optimized to assess the clinical impact of the NTM (indolent versus active), and to improve response to treatment. The development of a CF-specific approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection is a research priority for the CF community.