Yuanyuan Lang1, Jie Meng2, Xiaomeng Song2, Xiaojun Chen2. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China. 2. Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: EFEMP1, a member of fibulin family proteins, is a very important extracellular matrix protein which is involved in cell metabolism and its role in tumor occurrence and progression is still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional effect and mechanism of EFEMP1 in lung cancer cell growth and invasion. METHODS: EFEMP1 expression in lung cancer cells was determined by Western blot. The promoter methylation status of EFEMP1 was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). After transfection of control or EFEMP1 vector in lung cancer cells, the ability of colony formation and invasion was detected by colony formation experiment and matrigel invasion method. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression. Luciferase assay was used to detect expression of MMP-7 reporter construct transfected with or without EFEMP1 in lung cancer cells. RESULTS: Western blot result showed EFEMP1 expression was downregulated in lung cancer cells. The promoter region of EFEMP1 was methylated in A549 and H1299 and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, the EFEMP1 expression was upregulated. The growth and invasion of A549 and H1299 were all significantly suppressed by transfecting with EFEMP1 and the MMP-7 expression was dowanregulated by EFEMP1 as well. Expression activity of MMP-7 reporter construct was decreased by cotransfecting with EFEMP1. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that EFEMP1 functions as a suppressor of lung cancer growth and invasion. Epigenetic silencing of EFEMP1 promotes lung cancer invasion and metastasis by activating MMP-7 expression.
BACKGROUND:EFEMP1, a member of fibulin family proteins, is a very important extracellular matrix protein which is involved in cell metabolism and its role in tumor occurrence and progression is still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional effect and mechanism of EFEMP1 in lung cancer cell growth and invasion. METHODS:EFEMP1 expression in lung cancer cells was determined by Western blot. The promoter methylation status of EFEMP1 was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). After transfection of control or EFEMP1 vector in lung cancer cells, the ability of colony formation and invasion was detected by colony formation experiment and matrigel invasion method. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression. Luciferase assay was used to detect expression of MMP-7 reporter construct transfected with or without EFEMP1 in lung cancer cells. RESULTS: Western blot result showed EFEMP1 expression was downregulated in lung cancer cells. The promoter region of EFEMP1 was methylated in A549 and H1299 and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, the EFEMP1 expression was upregulated. The growth and invasion of A549 and H1299 were all significantly suppressed by transfecting with EFEMP1 and the MMP-7 expression was dowanregulated by EFEMP1 as well. Expression activity of MMP-7 reporter construct was decreased by cotransfecting with EFEMP1. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that EFEMP1 functions as a suppressor of lung cancer growth and invasion. Epigenetic silencing of EFEMP1 promotes lung cancer invasion and metastasis by activating MMP-7 expression.
Western blot检测几种肺癌细胞系的EFEMP1表达,A549和201T中表达较低,1288.88T中表达较高,H1299中几乎无表达,而稳定表达EFEMP1的H1299细胞则可检测到明显表达(图 1A)。用MSP检测A549和H1299全基因组中EFEMP1启动子区的甲基化状态,由图 1B可见在A549和H1299细胞中甲基化组均可观察到条带,说明在这两种细胞系中EFEMP1启动子区均有甲基化存在。进而用5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine处理细胞,RT-PCR结果显示处理后EFEMP1表达均升高(图 1C)。
Silence of EFEMP1 in lung cancer by promoter hypermethylation. A: EFEMP1 expression in four lung cancer cell lines and EFEMP1-overexpressing H1299; B: EFEMP1 methylation status in A549 and H1299 was analy zed by MSP. NL and IVD were negative and positive controls; C: EFEMP1 expression in A549 and H1299 with or without 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was determined by RT-PCR. M: methylation; U: unmethylation; MSP: methylation-specific PCR.
H1299和A549中由于EFEMP1启动子区甲基化导致表达下降。A:不同肺癌细胞的EFEMP1表达;B:EFEMP1在A549和H1299中甲基化状态分析;C:RT-PCR分析5-aza-2’- deoxycytidine处理前后A549和H1299中EFEMP1的表达。Silence of EFEMP1 in lung cancer by promoter hypermethylation. A: EFEMP1 expression in four lung cancer cell lines and EFEMP1-overexpressing H1299; B: EFEMP1 methylation status in A549 and H1299 was analy zed by MSP. NL and IVD were negative and positive controls; C: EFEMP1 expression in A549 and H1299 with or without 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was determined by RT-PCR. M: methylation; U: unmethylation; MSP: methylation-specific PCR.
EFEMP1 expression suppressed lung cancer cell invasion. A: Colony formation of A549 and H1299 cells transfected with EFEMP1 or the control pcDNA vector; B: Matrigel invasion assay was used to analyze the invasion of H1299 and A549 cells with or without EFEMP1 expression. *: P < 0.01 Student's t-test.
EFEMP1的表达抑制肺癌细胞的侵袭能力。A:EFEMP1表达抑制A549和H1299的克隆形成能力;B:基质胶侵袭实验分析转染EFEMP1后A549和H1299细胞的侵袭能力。*:P < 0.01 Student’s t-test。EFEMP1 expression suppressed lung cancer cell invasion. A: Colony formation of A549 and H1299 cells transfected with EFEMP1 or the control pcDNA vector; B: Matrigel invasion assay was used to analyze the invasion of H1299 and A549 cells with or without EFEMP1 expression. *: P < 0.01 Student's t-test.
EFEMP1通过下调MMP-7的表达抑制肺癌细胞侵袭。A:EFEMP1转染肺癌细胞后,Western blot分析12 h、24 h MMP-7的表达,实时定量PCR分析MMP-7表达量变化;B:荧光素酶活性实验分析EFEMP1表达下调MMP-7报告质粒的荧光素酶表达。
EFEMP1 suppressed lung cancer cell invasion by downregulating MMP-7 expression. A: Western blot analysis of MMP-7 expression in A549 and H1299 cells at 12 h and 24 h after transfection with EFEMP1 or the control empty vector. MMP-7 expression was confirmed by real-time PCR; B: Luciferase activities of MMP-7 reporter construct were determined 24 h after transfection with EFEMP1. MMP-7: matrix metalloproteinase-7.
EFEMP1通过下调MMP-7的表达抑制肺癌细胞侵袭。A:EFEMP1转染肺癌细胞后,Western blot分析12 h、24 h MMP-7的表达,实时定量PCR分析MMP-7表达量变化;B:荧光素酶活性实验分析EFEMP1表达下调MMP-7报告质粒的荧光素酶表达。EFEMP1 suppressed lung cancer cell invasion by downregulating MMP-7 expression. A: Western blot analysis of MMP-7 expression in A549 and H1299 cells at 12 h and 24 h after transfection with EFEMP1 or the control empty vector. MMP-7 expression was confirmed by real-time PCR; B: Luciferase activities of MMP-7 reporter construct were determined 24 h after transfection with EFEMP1. MMP-7: matrix metalloproteinase-7.
Silence of MMP-7 expression decreased the invasiveness in lung cancer cells. A: MMP-7 expression was analyzed by Western blot 36 h after siRNA transfection in A549 and H1299; B: Cell invasion was analyzed by Matrigel assay 36 h after siRNA transfection; C: Colony formation of A549 and H1299 cells transfected with MMP-7 siRNA or the siRNA control. *: P < 0.01 Student's t-test.
MMP-7表达沉默后降低肺癌细胞的侵袭性。A:siRNA沉默后,Western blot检测MMP-7表达;B:siRNA沉默后,基质胶侵袭实验分析A549和H1299的侵袭性;C:MMP-7经siRNA沉默后,克隆形成实验检测A549和H1299的增殖能力。*:P < 0.01 Student’s t-test。Silence of MMP-7 expression decreased the invasiveness in lung cancer cells. A: MMP-7 expression was analyzed by Western blot 36 h after siRNA transfection in A549 and H1299; B: Cell invasion was analyzed by Matrigel assay 36 h after siRNA transfection; C: Colony formation of A549 and H1299 cells transfected with MMP-7 siRNA or the siRNA control. *: P < 0.01 Student's t-test.
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