Hung-Ju Lin1, Shu-Ting Chen2, Hon-Yen Wu3, Hsiu-Ching Hsu1, Ming-Fong Chen1, Yuan-Teh Lee1, Kuen-Yuh Wu2, Kuo-Liong Chien4. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: klchien@ntu.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oxidative and nitrosative stress has suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, but has unclear relationship with the risk for incident stroke. METHODS: In this nested case-control study, cases consisted of 131 participants who were free of stroke at screening and experienced incident stroke during the follow-up period. Controls were 1:1 frequency-matched for age and sex. Baseline levels of urinary creatinine-indexed biomarkers were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂α (8-iso-PGF₂α), 4-hydroxynonenal conjugate with mercapturic acid, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-nitroguanine. RESULTS: The levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α in stroke cases were higher than in controls [median (interquartile range), 1.13 (2.23-4.36) μg/g creatinine versus 0.71 (1.34-3.02) μg/g creatinine, p=0.004]. After adjusting cardiovascular risk factors, the association remained that higher level of urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α entailed the greater risk for incident stroke [per 1 standard deviation increase in log-transformed value, adjusted odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.85; p=0.005] with a significant increasing trend across its quartiles (p for trend=0.016). After adding urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α, the prediction model not only improved discrimination between participants with or without incident stroke (integrated discrimination improvement, 0.025; 95% CI, 0.006-0.045; p=0.005), but enhanced stroke risk stratification (net reclassification improvement, 19.8%; 95% CI, 4.6-35.1%; p=0.011). In contrast, the relationships were non-significant among the other three biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α could be an independent biomarker of oxidative stress for prediction of the risk for incident stroke.
BACKGROUND: Oxidative and nitrosative stress has suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, but has unclear relationship with the risk for incident stroke. METHODS: In this nested case-control study, cases consisted of 131 participants who were free of stroke at screening and experienced incident stroke during the follow-up period. Controls were 1:1 frequency-matched for age and sex. Baseline levels of urinary creatinine-indexed biomarkers were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂α (8-iso-PGF₂α), 4-hydroxynonenal conjugate with mercapturic acid, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-nitroguanine. RESULTS: The levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α in stroke cases were higher than in controls [median (interquartile range), 1.13 (2.23-4.36) μg/g creatinine versus 0.71 (1.34-3.02) μg/g creatinine, p=0.004]. After adjusting cardiovascular risk factors, the association remained that higher level of urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α entailed the greater risk for incident stroke [per 1 standard deviation increase in log-transformed value, adjusted odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.85; p=0.005] with a significant increasing trend across its quartiles (p for trend=0.016). After adding urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α, the prediction model not only improved discrimination between participants with or without incident stroke (integrated discrimination improvement, 0.025; 95% CI, 0.006-0.045; p=0.005), but enhanced stroke risk stratification (net reclassification improvement, 19.8%; 95% CI, 4.6-35.1%; p=0.011). In contrast, the relationships were non-significant among the other three biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that urinary 8-iso-PGF₂α could be an independent biomarker of oxidative stress for prediction of the risk for incident stroke.