Current research on pediatric patients with bronchiolitis obliterans in Brazil.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare but severe disease, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the terminal bronchioles. BO in children usually occurs after a severe lung viral infection. Diagnosis is based on clinical history of acute bronchiolitis followed by persistent obstruction of the airways and characteristic findings in HRCT. There is no consensus on treatment beyond supportive measures, but bronchodilators and corticosteroids are often used. This review describes the clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes of BO in pediatric patients, with an emphasis on current research in Brazil.