PURPOSE: To compare the speed and heart-rate profiles during international skating and classical competitions in male and female world-class cross-country skiers. METHODS: Four male and 5 female skiers performed individual time trials of 15 km (men) and 10 km (women) in the skating and classical techniques on 2 consecutive days. Races were performed on the same 5-km course. The course was mapped with GPS and a barometer to provide a valid course and elevation profile. Time, speed, and heart rate were determined for uphill, flat, and downhill terrains throughout the entire competition by wearing a GPS and a heart-rate monitor. RESULTS: Times in uphill, flat, and downhill terrain were ~55%, 15-20%, and 25-30%, respectively, of the total race time for both techniques and genders. The average speed differences between skating and classical skiing were 9% and 11% for men and women, respectively, and these values were 12% and 15% for uphill, 8% and 13% for flat (all P < .05), and 2% and 1% for downhill terrain. The average speeds for men were 9% and 11% faster than for women in skating and classical, respectively, with corresponding numbers of 11% and 14% for uphill, 6% and 11% for flat, and 4% and 5% for downhill terrain (all P < .05). Heart-rate profiles were relatively independent of technique and gender. CONCLUSION: The greatest performance differences between the skating and classical techniques and between the 2 genders were found on uphill terrain. Therefore, these speed differences could not be explained by variations in exercise intensity.
PURPOSE: To compare the speed and heart-rate profiles during international skating and classical competitions in male and female world-class cross-country skiers. METHODS: Four male and 5 female skiers performed individual time trials of 15 km (men) and 10 km (women) in the skating and classical techniques on 2 consecutive days. Races were performed on the same 5-km course. The course was mapped with GPS and a barometer to provide a valid course and elevation profile. Time, speed, and heart rate were determined for uphill, flat, and downhill terrains throughout the entire competition by wearing a GPS and a heart-rate monitor. RESULTS: Times in uphill, flat, and downhill terrain were ~55%, 15-20%, and 25-30%, respectively, of the total race time for both techniques and genders. The average speed differences between skating and classical skiing were 9% and 11% for men and women, respectively, and these values were 12% and 15% for uphill, 8% and 13% for flat (all P < .05), and 2% and 1% for downhill terrain. The average speeds for men were 9% and 11% faster than for women in skating and classical, respectively, with corresponding numbers of 11% and 14% for uphill, 6% and 11% for flat, and 4% and 5% for downhill terrain (all P < .05). Heart-rate profiles were relatively independent of technique and gender. CONCLUSION: The greatest performance differences between the skating and classical techniques and between the 2 genders were found on uphill terrain. Therefore, these speed differences could not be explained by variations in exercise intensity.
Authors: Øyvind Sandbakk; Thomas Losnegard; Øyvind Skattebo; Ann M Hegge; Espen Tønnessen; Jan Kocbach Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2016-08-03 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Finn Marsland; Colin Mackintosh; Hans-Christer Holmberg; Judith Anson; Gordon Waddington; Keith Lyons; Dale Chapman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-08-01 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Finn Marsland; Judith Anson; Gordon Waddington; Hans-Christer Holmberg; Dale W Chapman Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2018-05-17 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Boye Welde; Thomas L Stöggl; Gunnar E Mathisen; Matej Supej; Chiara Zoppirolli; Andreas K Winther; Barbara Pellegrini; Hans-Christer Holmberg Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-11-08 Impact factor: 3.240