Kiano Reza Manavi1, Brenda P Alston-Mills2, Marvin P Thompson3, Jonathan C Allen4. 1. Department of Food, Nutrition and Bioprocessing Sciences; Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. kiano_manavi@scientist.com. 2. Department of Animal Science Raleigh, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. 3. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A. 4. Department of Food, Nutrition and Bioprocessing Sciences Raleigh, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of blood serum concentration of cotinine among non-smokers, passive/light smokers and active smoker females in the United States population as it compares to vitamin D blood serum concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that is designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n=22,196). RESULTS: The analyses demonstrated that among all three smoking categories, black female active smokers have lower vitamin D (13.374 ng/ml), than hispanic (19.213 ng/ml) or white (24.929 ng/ml) females. It was demonstrated that the active smoker black females have the highest percentage of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in the population compared to other ethnic females. CONCLUSION: The cotinine blood serum concentrations can also affect vitamin D concentrations in addition to other factors such as gender, ethnicity, dietary supplement intake and sun exposure. Copyright
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of blood serum concentration of cotinine among non-smokers, passive/light smokers and active smoker females in the United States population as it compares to vitamin D blood serum concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that is designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n=22,196). RESULTS: The analyses demonstrated that among all three smoking categories, black female active smokers have lower vitamin D (13.374 ng/ml), than hispanic (19.213 ng/ml) or white (24.929 ng/ml) females. It was demonstrated that the active smoker black females have the highest percentage of vitamin Ddeficiency and inadequacy in the population compared to other ethnic females. CONCLUSION: The cotinine blood serum concentrations can also affect vitamin D concentrations in addition to other factors such as gender, ethnicity, dietary supplement intake and sun exposure. Copyright
Authors: Martina Meoli; Franco Muggli; Sebastiano A G Lava; Mario G Bianchetti; Carlo Agostoni; Claudine Kocher; Thomas W Bührer; Letizia Ciliberti; Giacomo D Simonetti; Gregorio P Milani Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-04-26 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Minna Sucksdorff; Alan S Brown; Roshan Chudal; Heljä-Marja Surcel; Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki; Keely Cheslack-Postava; David Gyllenberg; Andre Sourander Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2019-12-19 Impact factor: 8.829