Investigations of interferon-lambda for the treatment of cancer.

Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ), a recently discovered cytokine, overlaps broadly with type I IFN signaling, producing antiviral, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic responses. In comparison to type I IFNs, IFN-λ has a limited spectrum of responsive tissues due to variation in expression of the IFN-λ receptor IFNLR1. Type I IFNs have been investigated for their antitumor effects and used in the clinical setting for a number of different cancers. Given the overlap in signaling and function between IFN-λ and type I IFNs, IFN-λ has also drawn interest for the treatment of cancer. To date, a number of studies using both murine and human models of cancer have investigated the antitumor effects of IFN-λ. These studies have found that IFN-λ is capable of directly targeting cancer cells to reduce their tumorigenicity, induce cell cycle arrest, and cause apoptosis. In addition, IFN-λ has been shown to have indirect effects against cancer cells through immune system responses and immune modulatory effects. This review aims to detail the findings of studies investigating IFN-λ for the treatment of cancer as well as suggest areas of potential interest for future studies.