Maria E C Sandberg1, Camilla Bengtsson2, Lars Klareskog3, Lars Alfredsson2, Saedis Saevarsdottir4. 1. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Epidemiology and Register Centre South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. 2. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Do recent infections affect the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? METHODS: We used the population-based case-control study EIRA (N=6401) on incident RA and healthy controls, matched for sex, age, calendar period and area of residence. Gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, genital infection, prostatitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia during the 2 years before inclusion in the study were investigated. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate OR, adjusting for smoking and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Infections in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract before clinical onset were associated with a lowered risk of RA: gastroenteritis (OR=0.71 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.80)), urinary tract infections (OR=0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.90)) and genital infections (OR=0.80 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.00)), while a non-significant association of similar magnitude was observed for the less common prostatitis (OR=0.64 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.08)). In contrast, no associations were observed for sinusitis, tonsillitis or pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, but not respiratory infections, are associated with a significantly lowered risk of RA. The results indicate that infections in general do not affect the risk for RA, but that certain infections, hypothetically associated with changes in the gut microbiome, could diminish the risk. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
OBJECTIVES: Do recent infections affect the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? METHODS: We used the population-based case-control study EIRA (N=6401) on incident RA and healthy controls, matched for sex, age, calendar period and area of residence. Gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, genital infection, prostatitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia during the 2 years before inclusion in the study were investigated. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate OR, adjusting for smoking and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Infections in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract before clinical onset were associated with a lowered risk of RA: gastroenteritis (OR=0.71 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.80)), urinary tract infections (OR=0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.90)) and genital infections (OR=0.80 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.00)), while a non-significant association of similar magnitude was observed for the less common prostatitis (OR=0.64 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.08)). In contrast, no associations were observed for sinusitis, tonsillitis or pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS:Gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, but not respiratory infections, are associated with a significantly lowered risk of RA. The results indicate that infections in general do not affect the risk for RA, but that certain infections, hypothetically associated with changes in the gut microbiome, could diminish the risk. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
Authors: Vanessa L Kronzer; Weixing Huang; Alessandra Zaccardelli; Cynthia S Crowson; John M Davis; Robert Vassallo; Tracy J Doyle; Elena Losina; Jeffrey A Sparks Journal: J Rheumatol Date: 2021-10-15 Impact factor: 4.666
Authors: Vanessa L Kronzer; Weixing Huang; Cynthia S Crowson; John M DavisIII; Robert Vassallo; Tracy J Doyle; Elena Losina; Jeffrey A Sparks Journal: Semin Arthritis Rheum Date: 2021-12-31 Impact factor: 5.532
Authors: Marina I Arleevskaya; Olga A Kravtsova; Julie Lemerle; Yves Renaudineau; Anatoly P Tsibulkin Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2016-08-17 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: Marina I Arleevskaya; Shafigullina Albina; Regina V Larionova; Aida G Gabdoulkhakova; Julie Lemerle; Yves Renaudineau Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2018-11-29 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Navraj S Nagra; Danielle E Robinson; Ian Douglas; Antonella Delmestri; Stephanie G Dakin; Sarah J B Snelling; Andrew J Carr; Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-06-20 Impact factor: 4.379