[Pediatric corneal surgery and corneal transplantation].

The surgical treatment of congenital corneal diseases or corneal diseases occurring during infancy is demanding even for experienced corneal surgeons. Besides the need for frequent examinations under anesthesia during the postoperative follow-up in young children and infants (e.g. after corneal transplantation), the surgeon frequently encounters intraoperative and postoperative problems, such as low scleral rigidity, positive vitreous pressure and a narrow anterior chamber. Other problems include increased fibrin reaction, an increased risk of rejection in cases of allogenic corneal transplantation and frequent loosening of sutures necessitating replacement or early removal. Lamellar corneal transplantation reduces the risk of graft rejection and the risk of wound leakage. Moreover, posterior lamellar keratoplasty in children offers a faster visual recovery compared to penetrating keratoplasty and thus reduces the risk of amblyopia.