Polar group and defect engineering in a metal-organic framework: synergistic promotion of carbon dioxide sorption and conversion.

A sulfone-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF), USTC-253, has been synthesized that exhibits a much higher CO2 uptake capacity (168-182 %) than the corresponding unfurnished MOFs. The introduction of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) during the synthesis of USTC-253 affords defect-containing USTC-253-TFA with exposed metal centers, which has an increased CO2 uptake (167 %) compared to pristine USTC-253. USTC-253-TFA exhibits a very high ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity (S=75) to CO2 over N2 at 298 K. In addition, USTC-253-TFA demonstrates good catalytic activity and recyclability in the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide at room temperature under 1 bar CO2 pressure as a result of the presence of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, which were evaluated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with a CO probe molecule. We propose that the CO2 adsorption capability has a positive correlation with the catalytic performance toward CO2 conversion.