OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study has been to investigate the dermal absorption profile of the antioxidant compounds gallic acid and hydroxytyrosol as well as their derivatives, hexanoate (hexyl gallate and hydroxytyrosol hexanoate) and octanoate (octyl gallate and octanoate derivative) alkyl esters (antioxidant surfactants). Previously, the scavenging capacity of these compounds, expressed as efficient dose ED50, has also determined. METHODS: The percutaneous absorption of these compounds was obtained by an in vitro methodology using porcine skin biopsies on Franz static diffusion cells. The antiradical activity of compounds was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical method. KEY FINDINGS: The percutaneous penetration results show the presence of antioxidants in all layers of the skin. The content of the cutaneously absorbed compound is higher for the antioxidant surfactants (ester derivatives). This particular behaviour could be due to the higher hydrophobicity of these compounds and the presence of surface activity in the antioxidant surfactants. CONCLUSIONS: These new antioxidant surfactants display optimum properties, which may be useful in the preparation of emulsified systems in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations because of their suitable surface activity and because they can protect the skin from oxidative damage.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study has been to investigate the dermal absorption profile of the antioxidant compounds gallic acid and hydroxytyrosol as well as their derivatives, hexanoate (hexyl gallate and hydroxytyrosol hexanoate) and octanoate (octyl gallate and octanoate derivative) alkyl esters (antioxidant surfactants). Previously, the scavenging capacity of these compounds, expressed as efficient dose ED50, has also determined. METHODS: The percutaneous absorption of these compounds was obtained by an in vitro methodology using porcine skin biopsies on Franz static diffusion cells. The antiradical activity of compounds was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical method. KEY FINDINGS: The percutaneous penetration results show the presence of antioxidants in all layers of the skin. The content of the cutaneously absorbed compound is higher for the antioxidant surfactants (ester derivatives). This particular behaviour could be due to the higher hydrophobicity of these compounds and the presence of surface activity in the antioxidant surfactants. CONCLUSIONS: These new antioxidant surfactants display optimum properties, which may be useful in the preparation of emulsified systems in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations because of their suitable surface activity and because they can protect the skin from oxidative damage.
Authors: Mireia Mallandrich; Francisco Fernández-Campos; Beatriz Clares; Lyda Halbaut; Cristina Alonso; Luisa Coderch; Maria L Garduño-Ramírez; Berenice Andrade; Alfonso Del Pozo; Majella E Lane; Ana C Calpena Journal: Pharm Res Date: 2017-05-24 Impact factor: 4.200
Authors: Anna Nowak; Martyna Zagórska-Dziok; Magdalena Perużyńska; Krystyna Cybulska; Edyta Kucharska; Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska; Katarzyna Piotrowska; Wiktoria Duchnik; Łukasz Kucharski; Tadeusz Sulikowski; Marek Droździk; Adam Klimowicz Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 5.988
Authors: Guilherme L Alves; Fernanda V Teixeira; Priscila Bianca Rodrigues da Rocha; Anna Paula Krawczyk-Santos; Lígia Marquez Andrade; Marcilio Cunha-Filho; Ricardo N Marreto; Stephânia F Taveira Journal: Drug Deliv Transl Res Date: 2021-03-07 Impact factor: 4.617