Interface manipulation for printing three-dimensional microstructures under magnetic guiding.

Precisely controlled 3D microstructures are printed by 2D interface manipulation. The morphologies of 3D microstructures are deterministically dependent on the receding angles of droplets on the surfaces, and the exact relationship between 3D morphology and interface properties is clarified. Accurate-positioned and oriented-patterned 3D arrays are facilely printed, demonstrating high controllability and large-scale fabrication of uniform 3D microstructures.