Controversies in nutritional support for critically ill children.

Nutritional support for critically ill infants and children is of paramount importance and can greatly affect the outcome of these patients. The energy requirement of children is unique to their size, gestational age, and physiologic stress, and the treatment algorithms developed in adult intensive care units cannot easily be applied to pediatric patients. This article reviews some of the ongoing controversial topics of fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional support for critically ill pediatric patients focusing on glycemic control and dysnatremia. The use of enteral and parenteral nutrition as well as parenteral nutritional-associated cholestasis will also be discussed.