Sabina Brohede1, Gun Wingren2, Barbro Wijma3, Klaas Wijma4. 1. Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Department of Pediatrics, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: Sabina.Brohede@liu.se. 2. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. 3. Gender and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. 4. Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a highly distressing and impairing preoccupation with nonexistent or slight defects in appearance. Patients with BDD present to both psychiatric and non-psychiatric physicians. A few studies have assessed BDD prevalence in representative samples of the general population and have demonstrated that this disorder is relatively common. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of BDD in the Swedish population because no data are currently available. METHODS: In the current cross-sectional study, 2891 randomly selected Swedish women aged 18-60 years participated. The occurrence of BDD was assessed using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), which is a validated self-report measure derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for BDD. In addition, symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: The prevalence of BDD among Swedish women was 2.1%. The women with BDD had significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than the women without BDD. Depression (HADS depression score ≥ 8) and anxiety (HADS anxiety score ≥ 8) were reported by 42% and 72% of the women with BDD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that BDD is relatively common among Swedish women (2.1%) and that it is associated with significant morbidity.
BACKGROUND:Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a highly distressing and impairing preoccupation with nonexistent or slight defects in appearance. Patients with BDD present to both psychiatric and non-psychiatric physicians. A few studies have assessed BDD prevalence in representative samples of the general population and have demonstrated that this disorder is relatively common. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of BDD in the Swedish population because no data are currently available. METHODS: In the current cross-sectional study, 2891 randomly selected Swedish women aged 18-60 years participated. The occurrence of BDD was assessed using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), which is a validated self-report measure derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for BDD. In addition, symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: The prevalence of BDD among Swedish women was 2.1%. The women with BDD had significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than the women without BDD. Depression (HADS depression score ≥ 8) and anxiety (HADS anxiety score ≥ 8) were reported by 42% and 72% of the women with BDD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that BDD is relatively common among Swedish women (2.1%) and that it is associated with significant morbidity.
Authors: Katharine A Phillips; Aparna Keshaviah; Darin D Dougherty; Robert L Stout; William Menard; Sabine Wilhelm Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2016-04-08 Impact factor: 18.112
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Authors: Oskar Flygare; Jesper Enander; Erik Andersson; Brjánn Ljótsson; Volen Z Ivanov; David Mataix-Cols; Christian Rück Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2020-05-19 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Jesper Enander; Erik Andersson; David Mataix-Cols; Linn Lichtenstein; Katarina Alström; Gerhard Andersson; Brjánn Ljótsson; Christian Rück Journal: BMJ Date: 2016-02-02