Matthias Bossard1, Katrin Pumpol2, Stéphanie van der Lely2, Stefanie Aeschbacher2, Tobias Schoen2, Philipp Krisai2, Tschuenschen Lam2, John Todd3, Joel Estis3, Martin Risch4, Lorenz Risch5, David Conen6. 1. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. 2. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. 3. Singulex, Inc., 1701 Harbor Bay Parkway Suite 200, Alameda, CA 94502, USA. 4. Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, FL, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland. 5. Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, FL, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Private University, Triesen, FL, Switzerland. 6. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: david.conen@usb.ch.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Endothelial dysfunction is a major precursor of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationships between plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and cardiovascular risk among young and healthy individuals. METHODS: We performed a population-based study among 2160 healthy adults aged between 25 and 41 years in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a body mass index >35 kg/m(2) were excluded. Plasma ET-1 was measured using a novel high-sensitive, single-molecule counting technology. The relationships between plasma levels of ET-1 and various cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: Median age of our population was 37 years. Median ET-1 levels across ET-1 quartiles were 1.86, 2.33, 2.76 and 3.48 pg/mL. After multivariable adjustment, there were significant correlations of ET-1 with systolic blood pressure (β per 1-unit increase in log transformed ET-1 2.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03; 3.58, p = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (β 0.19 (95% CI 0.03; 0.34, p = 0.021), glomerular filtration rate (β -1.73 (95% CI -3.17; -0.29, p = 0.019), and current smoking (Odds ratio 1.94 (95% CI 1.39; 2.71, p < 0.0001). We also found a highly significant association between ET-1 levels and overall cardiovascular risk estimated by the "Prospective Cardiovascular Münster" (PROCAM) and the Framingham score (β 0.18 (95% CI 0.06; 0.31, p = 0.004, and β 0.11 (95% CI 0.05; 0.16), p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ET-1 levels are easily measurable in healthy adults and correlate with major cardiovascular risk factors and global cardiovascular risk.
OBJECTIVES: Endothelial dysfunction is a major precursor of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationships between plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and cardiovascular risk among young and healthy individuals. METHODS: We performed a population-based study among 2160 healthy adults aged between 25 and 41 years in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a body mass index >35 kg/m(2) were excluded. Plasma ET-1 was measured using a novel high-sensitive, single-molecule counting technology. The relationships between plasma levels of ET-1 and various cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: Median age of our population was 37 years. Median ET-1 levels across ET-1 quartiles were 1.86, 2.33, 2.76 and 3.48 pg/mL. After multivariable adjustment, there were significant correlations of ET-1 with systolic blood pressure (β per 1-unit increase in log transformed ET-1 2.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03; 3.58, p = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (β 0.19 (95% CI 0.03; 0.34, p = 0.021), glomerular filtration rate (β -1.73 (95% CI -3.17; -0.29, p = 0.019), and current smoking (Odds ratio 1.94 (95% CI 1.39; 2.71, p < 0.0001). We also found a highly significant association between ET-1 levels and overall cardiovascular risk estimated by the "Prospective Cardiovascular Münster" (PROCAM) and the Framingham score (β 0.18 (95% CI 0.06; 0.31, p = 0.004, and β 0.11 (95% CI 0.05; 0.16), p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ET-1 levels are easily measurable in healthy adults and correlate with major cardiovascular risk factors and global cardiovascular risk.
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