Dually fixed SnO2 nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets by polyaniline coating for superior lithium storage.

Dually fixed SnO2 nanoparticles (DF-SnO2 NPs) on graphene nanosheets by a polyaniline (Pani) coating was successfully fabricated via two facile wet chemistry processes, including anchoring SnO2 NPs onto graphene nanosheets via reducing graphene oxide by Sn(2+) ion, followed by in situ surface sealing with the Pani coating. Such a configuration is very appealing anode materials in LIBs due to several structural merits: (1) it prevents the aggregation of SnO2 NPs, (2) accommodates the structural expanding of SnO2 NPs during lithiation, (3) ensures the stable as-formed solid electrolyte interface films, and (4) effectively enhances the electronic conductivity of the overall electrode. Therefore, the final DF-SnO2 anode exhibits stable cycle performance, such as a high capacity retention of over 90% for 400 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g(-1) and a long cycle life up to 700 times at a higher current density of 1000 mA g(-1).