S Vergara-López1, M C Domínguez2, M C Conejo3, Á Pascual4, J Rodríguez-Baño5. 1. Internal Medicine Service, Hospital La Merced, Osuna, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: vergara_lopez@hotmail.com. 2. Laboratory of Microbiology, Hospital La Merced, Osuna, Seville, Spain. 3. Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. 4. Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain. 5. Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), mostly Klebsiella spp., have become a worldwide phenomenon. AIM: To investigate the risk factors for the acquisition of clonal multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca (MDRKO) producing the metallo-β-lactamase IMP-8 and hyperproducing chromosomal OXY-2 β-lactamase during a well-characterized outbreak, and to describe the clinical features of infections due to MDRKO. METHODS: A four-wave outbreak due to MDRKO occurred in the intensive care unit of a Spanish hospital between 2009 and 2011. The risk factors for acquisition of MDRKO during waves 1 and 2 (in which colonized patients served as the main reservoir for the epidemic strain) were analysed using a case-control study by Cox regression and logistic regression analysis. Clinical data and treatments of patients infected with MDRKO were also analysed. FINDINGS: For the study of risk factors, 26 cases and 45 controls were studied. None of the variables studied in the Cox regression analysis showed an association with MDRKO acquisition; time at risk was the only associated variable by logistic regression analysis. Colonization pressure was not associated with earlier acquisition. Overall, 14 patients were infected with MDRKO; ventilator-associated pneumonia (seven patients) was the most frequent type of infection. Monotherapy tended to be associated with higher mortality than combination therapy [60% (3/5) vs 16.6% (1/6); P = 0.07]. CONCLUSIONS: Time at risk was the most significant risk determinant for the acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in this epidemiological context and should be included in any study of risk factors for the acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Combination therapy may be superior to monotherapy for the treatment of CRE infections.
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), mostly Klebsiella spp., have become a worldwide phenomenon. AIM: To investigate the risk factors for the acquisition of clonal multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca (MDRKO) producing the metallo-β-lactamase IMP-8 and hyperproducing chromosomal OXY-2 β-lactamase during a well-characterized outbreak, and to describe the clinical features of infections due to MDRKO. METHODS: A four-wave outbreak due to MDRKO occurred in the intensive care unit of a Spanish hospital between 2009 and 2011. The risk factors for acquisition of MDRKO during waves 1 and 2 (in which colonized patients served as the main reservoir for the epidemic strain) were analysed using a case-control study by Cox regression and logistic regression analysis. Clinical data and treatments of patients infected with MDRKO were also analysed. FINDINGS: For the study of risk factors, 26 cases and 45 controls were studied. None of the variables studied in the Cox regression analysis showed an association with MDRKO acquisition; time at risk was the only associated variable by logistic regression analysis. Colonization pressure was not associated with earlier acquisition. Overall, 14 patients were infected with MDRKO; ventilator-associated pneumonia (seven patients) was the most frequent type of infection. Monotherapy tended to be associated with higher mortality than combination therapy [60% (3/5) vs 16.6% (1/6); P = 0.07]. CONCLUSIONS: Time at risk was the most significant risk determinant for the acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in this epidemiological context and should be included in any study of risk factors for the acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Combination therapy may be superior to monotherapy for the treatment of CRE infections.
Authors: William G Pitt; Mahsa Alizadeh; Ghaleb A Husseini; Daniel S McClellan; Clara M Buchanan; Colin G Bledsoe; Richard A Robison; Rae Blanco; Beverly L Roeder; Madison Melville; Alex K Hunter Journal: Biotechnol Prog Date: 2016-06-03
Authors: Adrian Schmid; Aline Wolfensberger; Johannes Nemeth; Peter W Schreiber; Hugo Sax; Stefan P Kuster Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-10-29 Impact factor: 4.379