Sorption behaviour of nonylphenol and nonylphenol monoethoxylate in soils.

Sorption behaviour of two alkylphenolic compounds (APCs), nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), was studied in five soils with contrasting characteristics. Sorption isotherms were obtained by equilibrating the soil samples with 0.01 mol L(-1) CaCl2 solutions containing different initial concentrations of NP or NP1EO. Linear fitting was generally appropriate for describing the sorption behaviour of NP and NP1EO in the soils, with the exception of two cases, for which the Freundlich model was more suitable for describing the sorption pattern of NP1EO. Solid-liquid distribution coefficients derived from sorption isotherms (Kd) varied from 24 to 1059 mL g(-1) for NP and from 51 to 740 mL g(-1) for NP1EO. For most soils, sorption Kd values were higher for NP than for NP1EO due to the higher hydrophobicity of NP. Sorption reversibility of NP and NP1EO was also tested from desorption isotherms. Desorption solid-liquid distribution coefficients (Kd,des), obtained from linear fitting, were between 130 and 1467 mL g(-1) for NP and between 24 and 1285 mL g(-1) for NP1EO. Kd,des values were higher than Kd values, which demonstrated that target compounds were irreversibly sorbed into soils, with the exception of the high desorption yield (45%) of NP1EO in the soil with the lowest content of organic matter. The fraction of soil organic carbon (FOC) was a key parameter that influenced the sorption of NP and NP1EO in soils, with logKOC values of 4.0 and 3.8, respectively.