Electrolyte-assisted electrospinning for a self-assembled, free-standing nanofiber membrane on a curved surface.

A free-standing nanofiber membrane can be simultaneously fabricated, patterned, and integrated with electrolyte-assisted electrospinning (ELES). The fluidic nature of the electrolyte collector enables flexible patterning and facile integration of the free-standing nanofiber membrane on complex substrates from a 2D flat surface to a 3D curved geometry via ELES. The structural integrity and performance of the free-standing nanofiber membrane are verified, and this plays a crucial role for future applications, including organ-on-a-chip, tissue scaffolds, and biosensors.