Daniela B Friedman1, Katie Becofsky2, Lynda A Anderson3, Lucinda L Bryant4, Rebecca H Hunter5, Susan L Ivey6, Basia Belza7, Rebecca G Logsdon8, Sarah Brannon4, Ann E Vandenberg9, Shih-Yin Lin10. 1. Department of Health Promotion,Education,and Behavior,Arnold School of Public Health,University of South Carolina,Columbia,South Carolina,USA. 2. Department of Exercise Science,Arnold School of Public Health,University of South Carolina,Columbia,South Carolina,USA. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,Healthy Aging Program,Atlanta,Georgia,USA. 4. Department of Community and Behavioral Health,Colorado School of Public Health,University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,Aurora,Colorado,USA. 5. Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,North Carolina,USA. 6. School of Public Health,University of California,Berkeley,California,USA. 7. Health Promotion Research Center,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA. 8. Department of Psychosocial & Community Health,School of Nursing,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA. 9. Center for Health in Aging,Department of Medicine,Emory University,Atlanta,Georgia,USA. 10. Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems,School of Nursing,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington,USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preventing and/or delaying cognitive impairment is a public health priority. To increase awareness of and participation in behaviors that may help maintain cognitive function or reduce risk of impairment, we need to understand public perceptions about risk and protective factors. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of studies examining the public's perceptions about risk and protective factors related to cognitive health and impairment published since the 2007 National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health. RESULTS: A search of five databases yielded 1,115 documents published between June 2007 and December 2013. Initial review of abstracts identified 90 potentially eligible studies. After full-article review, 30 met inclusion criteria; four additional articles identified in reference lists also met inclusion criteria. Of the 34, 16 studies addressed Alzheimer's disease (AD) specifically, 15 dementia broadly, 5 mild to moderate cognitive impairment, and 8 normal functioning, with some content overlap. Across studies, respondents reported genetics (n = 14 studies), older age (n = 8), stress (n = 7), brain/head injury (n = 6), and mental illness/brain disease (n = 6) as perceived risk factors for AD and dementia. Protective factors most commonly identified for maintaining cognitive health were intellectual/mental stimulation (n = 13), physical activity (n = 12), healthy diet (n = 10), and social/leisure activities (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS: Studies identified genetics and older age as key perceived risk factors more so than behaviors such as smoking. Individuals perceived that numerous lifestyle factors (e.g. intellectual stimulation, physical activity) could protect against cognitive impairment, AD, and/or dementia. Results can inform national and international education efforts about AD and other dementias.
BACKGROUND: Preventing and/or delaying cognitive impairment is a public health priority. To increase awareness of and participation in behaviors that may help maintain cognitive function or reduce risk of impairment, we need to understand public perceptions about risk and protective factors. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of studies examining the public's perceptions about risk and protective factors related to cognitive health and impairment published since the 2007 National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health. RESULTS: A search of five databases yielded 1,115 documents published between June 2007 and December 2013. Initial review of abstracts identified 90 potentially eligible studies. After full-article review, 30 met inclusion criteria; four additional articles identified in reference lists also met inclusion criteria. Of the 34, 16 studies addressed Alzheimer's disease (AD) specifically, 15 dementia broadly, 5 mild to moderate cognitive impairment, and 8 normal functioning, with some content overlap. Across studies, respondents reported genetics (n = 14 studies), older age (n = 8), stress (n = 7), brain/head injury (n = 6), and mental illness/brain disease (n = 6) as perceived risk factors for AD and dementia. Protective factors most commonly identified for maintaining cognitive health were intellectual/mental stimulation (n = 13), physical activity (n = 12), healthy diet (n = 10), and social/leisure activities (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS: Studies identified genetics and older age as key perceived risk factors more so than behaviors such as smoking. Individuals perceived that numerous lifestyle factors (e.g. intellectual stimulation, physical activity) could protect against cognitive impairment, AD, and/or dementia. Results can inform national and international education efforts about AD and other dementias.
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