Jordan A Carlson1, Brian E Saelens2, Jacqueline Kerr3, Jasper Schipperijn4, Terry L Conway5, Lawrence D Frank6, Jim E Chapman7, Karen Glanz8, Kelli L Cain9, James F Sallis10. 1. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address: jacarlson@ucsd.edu. 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Children׳s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 1100 Olive Way, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. Electronic address: bsaelens@u.washington.edu. 3. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive ♯ 0811, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: jkerr@ucsd.edu. 4. University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark. Electronic address: jschipperijn@health.sdu.dk. 5. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address: tlconway@ucsd.edu. 6. School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, ♯433-6333 Memorial Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Electronic address: ldfrank@urbandesign4health.com. 7. Urban Design 4 Health, 353 Rockingham St., Rochester, NY 14620, USA. Electronic address: jchapman@ud4h.com. 8. Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, 801 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: kglanz@upenn.edu. 9. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address: kcain@ucsd.edu. 10. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address: jsallis@ucsd.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate relations of walking, bicycling and vehicle time to neighborhood walkability and total physical activity in youth. METHODS: Participants (N=690) were from 380 census block groups of high/low walkability and income in two US regions. Home neighborhood residential density, intersection density, retail density, entertainment density and walkability were derived using GIS. Minutes/day of walking, bicycling and vehicle time were derived from processing algorithms applied to GPS. Accelerometers estimated total daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Models were adjusted for nesting of days (N=2987) within participants within block groups. RESULTS: Walking occurred on 33%, active travel on 43%, and vehicle time on 91% of the days observed. Intersection density and neighborhood walkability were positively related to walking and bicycling and negatively related to vehicle time. Residential density was positively related to walking. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing walking in youth could be effective in increasing total physical activity. Built environment findings suggest potential for increasing walking in youth through improving neighborhood walkability.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate relations of walking, bicycling and vehicle time to neighborhood walkability and total physical activity in youth. METHODS:Participants (N=690) were from 380 census block groups of high/low walkability and income in two US regions. Home neighborhood residential density, intersection density, retail density, entertainment density and walkability were derived using GIS. Minutes/day of walking, bicycling and vehicle time were derived from processing algorithms applied to GPS. Accelerometers estimated total daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Models were adjusted for nesting of days (N=2987) within participants within block groups. RESULTS: Walking occurred on 33%, active travel on 43%, and vehicle time on 91% of the days observed. Intersection density and neighborhood walkability were positively related to walking and bicycling and negatively related to vehicle time. Residential density was positively related to walking. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing walking in youth could be effective in increasing total physical activity. Built environment findings suggest potential for increasing walking in youth through improving neighborhood walkability.
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