Attila Oláh1, Balázs Tamás Németh2, Csaba Mátyás2, Eszter Mária Horváth3, László Hidi2, Ede Birtalan2, Dalma Kellermayer2, Mihály Ruppert2, Gergő Merkely2, Gábor Szabó4, Béla Merkely2, Tamás Radovits5. 1. Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: o.attilio@gmail.com. 2. Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary. 3. Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary. 4. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 2. OG. INF 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 5. Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 2. OG. INF 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The role of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been well described, however, elevations in cardionecrotic biomarkers after prolonged exercise (i.e. ultramarathon running) were observed. We aimed at understanding the biochemical, molecular biological, structural and functional alterations in the heart after exhaustive exercise in a rat model. METHODS: Rats of the exercise group were forced to swim for 3h with 5% body weight (workload) attached to the tail, control rats were taken into the water for 5min. After a 2-hour recovery period we performed left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume analysis to investigate LV function and mechanoenergetics. Additionally, blood and myocardium samples were harvested for biochemical and histological examinations. Gene expression changes were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: When compared to controls, elevated plasma levels of cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase were detected after exhaustive exercise. Histological analysis showed sporadic fragmentation of myocardial structure and leukocyte infiltration in the exercised group. We observed increased end-systolic volume, decreased ejection fraction, impaired contractility (preload recruitable stroke work) and mechanoenergetics (ventriculoarterial coupling, mechanical efficiency) of LV after exercise. Myocardial expression of major antioxidant enzymes was increased along with increased myocardial nitro-oxidative stress. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and TUNEL staining showed enhanced apoptotic signaling. Exhaustive exercise also resulted in the dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive physical activity has an adverse effect on the heart. The observed functional impairment is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress, enhanced apoptotic signaling and dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system after exhaustive exercise.
BACKGROUND: The role of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been well described, however, elevations in cardionecrotic biomarkers after prolonged exercise (i.e. ultramarathon running) were observed. We aimed at understanding the biochemical, molecular biological, structural and functional alterations in the heart after exhaustive exercise in a rat model. METHODS:Rats of the exercise group were forced to swim for 3h with 5% body weight (workload) attached to the tail, control rats were taken into the water for 5min. After a 2-hour recovery period we performed left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume analysis to investigate LV function and mechanoenergetics. Additionally, blood and myocardium samples were harvested for biochemical and histological examinations. Gene expression changes were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: When compared to controls, elevated plasma levels of cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase were detected after exhaustive exercise. Histological analysis showed sporadic fragmentation of myocardial structure and leukocyte infiltration in the exercised group. We observed increased end-systolic volume, decreased ejection fraction, impaired contractility (preload recruitable stroke work) and mechanoenergetics (ventriculoarterial coupling, mechanical efficiency) of LV after exercise. Myocardial expression of major antioxidant enzymes was increased along with increased myocardial nitro-oxidative stress. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and TUNEL staining showed enhanced apoptotic signaling. Exhaustive exercise also resulted in the dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive physical activity has an adverse effect on the heart. The observed functional impairment is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress, enhanced apoptotic signaling and dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system after exhaustive exercise.
Authors: Bálint Lakatos; Zoltán Tősér; Márton Tokodi; Alexandra Doronina; Annamária Kosztin; Denisa Muraru; Luigi P Badano; Attila Kovács; Béla Merkely Journal: Cardiovasc Ultrasound Date: 2017-03-27 Impact factor: 2.062
Authors: Kálmán Benke; Csaba Mátyás; Alex Ali Sayour; Attila Oláh; Balázs Tamás Németh; Mihály Ruppert; Gábor Szabó; Gábor Kökény; Eszter Mária Horváth; István Hartyánszky; Zoltán Szabolcs; Béla Merkely; Tamás Radovits Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2017-10-27 Impact factor: 4.379