Chandra Bhan Pratap1, Gopal Kumar2, Saurabh Kumar Patel1, Vijay K Shukla3, Kailash Kumar4, Tej Bali Singh5, Gopal Nath6. 1. PhD Student, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India . 2. Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India . 3. Professor, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India . 4. Professor, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India . 5. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India . 6. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India .
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella organism such as serotypes Typhi and ParaTyphi A, B, C. Salmonella ParaTyphi A contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was aimed to detect Salmonella Typhi and ParaTyphi A in urine, blood and stool specimens collected from cases of enteric fever (110), chronic typhoid carriers (46) and healthy controls (75) to explore the possibility of mixed infection by nested PCR. A new nested PCR primer was designed targeting putative fimbrial protein (stkG) gene which is one of the fimbrial gene families to Salmonella ParaTyphi A and for S. Typhi already reported primers targeting flagellin (fliC) gene. RESULTS: Large volume of urine specimens (15 ml) was found to be the best for detection of Salmonella serotypes. The urine sample was found to have mixed-infection by both the serotypes in 40.9% of the cases but lower in blood (27.3%) and stool (13.6%). CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that occurrence of mixed infection may be quite frequent in typhoid and chronic typhoid carriers' individuals, although the reported recent rise in ParaTyphi A incidence may not be real.
INTRODUCTION:Enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella organism such as serotypes Typhi and ParaTyphi A, B, C. Salmonella ParaTyphi A contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was aimed to detect Salmonella Typhi and ParaTyphi A in urine, blood and stool specimens collected from cases of enteric fever (110), chronic typhoid carriers (46) and healthy controls (75) to explore the possibility of mixed infection by nested PCR. A new nested PCR primer was designed targeting putative fimbrial protein (stkG) gene which is one of the fimbrial gene families to Salmonella ParaTyphi A and for S. Typhi already reported primers targeting flagellin (fliC) gene. RESULTS: Large volume of urine specimens (15 ml) was found to be the best for detection of Salmonella serotypes. The urine sample was found to have mixed-infection by both the serotypes in 40.9% of the cases but lower in blood (27.3%) and stool (13.6%). CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that occurrence of mixed infection may be quite frequent in typhoid and chronic typhoid carriers' individuals, although the reported recent rise in ParaTyphi A incidence may not be real.
Entities:
Keywords:
Enteric fever; Fimbrial protein (stkG) gene; Mix-infection; Multiplex PCR; Nested PCR; S. ParaTyphi A; S. Typhi
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