Jonathan P Lynch1, Tobias Wojciechowski2. 1. Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA IBG2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich D-52445, Germany JPL4@psu.edu. 2. IBG2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich D-52445, Germany.
Abstract
Greater exploitation of subsoil resources by annual crops would afford multiple benefits, including greater water and N acquisition in most agroecosystems, and greater sequestration of atmospheric C. Constraints to root growth in the subsoil include soil acidity (an edaphic stress complex consisting of toxic levels of Al, inadequate levels of P and Ca, and often toxic levels of Mn), soil compaction, hypoxia, and suboptimal temperature. Multiple root phenes under genetic control are associated with adaptation to these constraints, opening up the possibility of breeding annual crops with root traits improving subsoil exploration. Adaptation to Al toxicity, hypoxia, and P deficiency are intensively researched, adaptation to soil hardness and suboptimal temperature less so, and adaptations to Ca deficiency and Mn toxicity are poorly understood. The utility of specific phene states may vary among soil taxa and management scenarios, interactions which in general are poorly understood. These traits and issues merit research because of their potential value in developing more productive, sustainable, benign, and resilient agricultural systems.
Greater exploitation of subsoil resources by annun class="Chemical">al crops would afford multiple benefits, including greater pan> class="Chemical">water and N acquisition in most agroecosystems, and greater sequestration of atmospheric C. Constraints to root growth in the subsoil include soil acidity (an edaphic stress complex consisting of toxic levels of Al, inadequate levels of P and Ca, and often toxic levels of Mn), soil compaction, hypoxia, and suboptimal temperature. Multiple root phenes under genetic control are associated with adaptation to these constraints, opening up the possibility of breeding annual crops with root traits improving subsoil exploration. Adaptation to Altoxicity, hypoxia, and P deficiency are intensively researched, adaptation to soil hardness and suboptimal temperature less so, and adaptations to Ca deficiency and Mn toxicity are poorly understood. The utility of specific phene states may vary among soil taxa and management scenarios, interactions which in general are poorly understood. These traits and issues merit research because of their potential value in developing more productive, sustainable, benign, and resilient agricultural systems.
Authors: Patompong Saengwilai; Eric A Nord; Joseph G Chimungu; Kathleen M Brown; Jonathan Paul Lynch Journal: Plant Physiol Date: 2014-06-02 Impact factor: 8.340
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