Guillaume Airagnes1, Cédric Lemogne2, Silla M Consoli3, Jean-Pierre Schuster4, Marie Zins5, Frédéric Limosin2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: guillaume.airagnes@egp.aphp.fr. 2. Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM, U894, Paris, France. 3. Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 4. Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France. 5. Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, INSERM, UMS 11, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested a positive effect of retirement on depressive symptoms. The present study took advantage of the large-scale, prospective Gaz et Electricité (GAZEL) cohort to examine whether personality could influence this effect. METHODS: Depressive symptoms were assessed in 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Among the participants for which changes in depressive symptoms after retirement could be computed, 9,755 had completed the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Bortner Type A Rating Scale in 1993. Covariates included age, gender, occupational grade, history of sickness absences for depression, and alcohol consumption. The effect of hostility and type A personality on changes in depressive symptoms after retirement were assessed with general linear models. RESULTS: Adjusting for all covariates, higher scores of total (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.017), cognitive (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.021), and behavioral hostility (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.004) as well as type A personality (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.002) were each associated with a smaller improvement of depressive symptoms after retirement. Regarding hostility subscales, only the association with cognitive hostility remained significant (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.018) when both were simultaneously entered in the model. Among participants meeting the CES-D threshold of clinical depression before retirement, those in the lowest quartile of cognitive hostility were two times more likely than those in the highest to fall short of this threshold after retirement (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-2.58). CONCLUSION: Individuals with high levels of cognitive hostility display less improvement of depressive symptoms after retirement.
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested a positive effect of retirement on depressive symptoms. The present study took advantage of the large-scale, prospective Gaz et Electricité (GAZEL) cohort to examine whether personality could influence this effect. METHODS:Depressive symptoms were assessed in 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Among the participants for which changes in depressive symptoms after retirement could be computed, 9,755 had completed the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Bortner Type A Rating Scale in 1993. Covariates included age, gender, occupational grade, history of sickness absences for depression, and alcohol consumption. The effect of hostility and type A personality on changes in depressive symptoms after retirement were assessed with general linear models. RESULTS: Adjusting for all covariates, higher scores of total (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.017), cognitive (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.021), and behavioral hostility (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.004) as well as type A personality (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.002) were each associated with a smaller improvement of depressive symptoms after retirement. Regarding hostility subscales, only the association with cognitive hostility remained significant (p <0.001; η(2) = 0.018) when both were simultaneously entered in the model. Among participants meeting the CES-D threshold of clinical depression before retirement, those in the lowest quartile of cognitive hostility were two times more likely than those in the highest to fall short of this threshold after retirement (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-2.58). CONCLUSION: Individuals with high levels of cognitive hostility display less improvement of depressive symptoms after retirement.
Authors: Cédric Lemogne; Monica Turinici; Henri Panjo; Charlotte Ngo; Florence Canoui-Poitrine; Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier; Frédéric Limosin; Silla M Consoli; Marcel Goldberg; Marie Zins; Virginie Ringa Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2017-12-26 Impact factor: 4.452
Authors: A Odone; V Gianfredi; G P Vigezzi; A Amerio; C Ardito; A d'Errico; D Stuckler; G Costa Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 6.892