Guy Raymond Feuya Tchouya1, Alain Souza2, Jean Claude Tchouankeu3, Jean-Fabrice Yala4, Marlaine Boukandou5, Hibrahim Foundikou6, Giresse Delphang Nguema Obiang7, Fabrice Fekam Boyom8, Rolande Mabika Mabika9, Elisabeth Zeuko'o Menkem10, Derek Tantoh Ndinteh11, Jacques Lebibi12. 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: gfeuya@yahoo.fr. 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: souzapg@yahoo.fr. 3. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Box. 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. Electronic address: jctchouank@yahoo.com. 4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: yalalaw@yahoo.fr. 5. Institute of Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Medicine, Box. 1156, Libreville, Gabon. Electronic address: bouk_marlaine@yahoo.fr. 6. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: foundikouhibrahim@yahoo.fr. 7. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: nguemaobianggiresse@yahoo.fr. 8. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Box. 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. Electronic address: ffefe@yahoo.com. 9. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: rolande.mabika@yahoo.fr. 10. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Box. 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. Electronic address: mllemenkem@gmail.com. 11. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, ZA-2028, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: tantohtantoh@gmail.com. 12. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Scientific and Technical University of Masuku, Box. 223(Potos), Franceville, Gabon. Electronic address: jlebibi@hotmail.com.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacological surveys were conducted in two regions of Gabon. This led to highlighting some of the medicinal plants used by local populations in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases. Two regions with the highest occurrence of HIV/AIDS cases were visited and ethnopharmarcological data was gathered. These regions were the Estuaire Province (Libreville and its neighborhood) and the Haut-Ogooué Province (Franceville and its neighborhood). The opportunistic diseases and symptomatic conditions considered during this study were: diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, cough, tuberculosis, abscesses, stomach ache, skin rashes, venereal diseases, typhoid fever, anemia, general tiredness, hepatitis and vomiting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reported species were evaluated through three parameters: specificity, reliability and frequency. Plant parts of relevant species were harvested and extracted with an aqueous alcohol solution (ethanol/water: 1/1). The extracts obtained were submitted to phytochemical screening and in vitro microbiological assays on some clinical isolates and ATCC strains, involved in HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases through the Agar well diffusion and Microbroth dilution methods. RESULTS: Among the 52 species identified during this survey, Coelocaryon klainei Pierre ex Heckel (Myristicaceae), Dacryodes klaineana (Pierre) H.J. Lam (Bursecaceae), Phyllanthus diandrus Pax (Euphorbiaceae), Saccoglotys gabonensis (Baill.) Urb. (Humiriaceae) and Tetrorchidium didymostemon (Baill.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae) were submitted to in vitro microbiological assays. Phyllanthus diandrus bark and leaves show best antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value of 0.25 respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence in all the plant parts extracts of potentially bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that some of these plants might be submitted to further scientific studies, including the identification and isolation of bioactive principles, that could be developed to drugs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacological surveys were conducted in two regions of Gabon. This led to highlighting some of the medicinal plants used by local populations in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases. Two regions with the highest occurrence of HIV/AIDS cases were visited and ethnopharmarcological data was gathered. These regions were the Estuaire Province (Libreville and its neighborhood) and the Haut-Ogooué Province (Franceville and its neighborhood). The opportunistic diseases and symptomatic conditions considered during this study were: diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, cough, tuberculosis, abscesses, stomach ache, skin rashes, venereal diseases, typhoid fever, anemia, general tiredness, hepatitis and vomiting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reported species were evaluated through three parameters: specificity, reliability and frequency. Plant parts of relevant species were harvested and extracted with an aqueous alcohol solution (ethanol/water: 1/1). The extracts obtained were submitted to phytochemical screening and in vitro microbiological assays on some clinical isolates and ATCC strains, involved in HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases through the Agar well diffusion and Microbroth dilution methods. RESULTS: Among the 52 species identified during this survey, Coelocaryon klainei Pierre ex Heckel (Myristicaceae), Dacryodes klaineana (Pierre) H.J. Lam (Bursecaceae), Phyllanthus diandrusPax (Euphorbiaceae), Saccoglotys gabonensis (Baill.) Urb. (Humiriaceae) and Tetrorchidium didymostemon (Baill.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae) were submitted to in vitro microbiological assays. Phyllanthus diandrus bark and leaves show best antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value of 0.25 respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence in all the plant parts extracts of potentially bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that some of these plants might be submitted to further scientific studies, including the identification and isolation of bioactive principles, that could be developed to drugs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic diseases.