Tetramic acid derivatives and polyphenols from sponge-derived fungus and their biological evaluation.

Fifteen compounds, including two tetramic acid derivatives, penicillenol A1 (1) and penicillenol A2 (2), six polyphenols containing both phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoid and diphenyl ether units, expansols A-F (3-8), together with six phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids (9-14) and diorcinol (15), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus ZSDS1-F11 isolated from the sponge Phakellia fusca Thiele collected in the Yongxing island of Xisha. Their structures were elucidated mainly by using extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 3-5, 7 and 8 showed potent COX-1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 5.3, 16.2, 30.2, 41.0 and 56.8 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 3-8 showed potent COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.1, 5.6, 3.0, 5.1, 3.2 and 3.7 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 1 exhibited antituberculosis activity with 96.1% inhibition at concentration of 10 μM.