Janalee Stokken1, Pablo F Recinos, Troy Woodard, Raj Sindwani. 1. aSection of Rhinology, Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Head & Neck Institute bNeurosurgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lumbar drains were once routinely used for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in endoscopic skull base reconstruction. The vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap has now become the reconstructive workhorse in the setting of high-flow leaks. High-flow CSF leaks occur when there is violation of a cistern or ventricle. As lumbar drains have the potential for significant complications and the rate of postoperative CSF leak has decreased with the use of vascularized flaps, lumbar drain use has been challenged. RECENT FINDINGS: Lumbar drains have a reported 3% major and 5% minor complication rates. Two recent studies reviewed their postoperative CSF leak rates after reconstruction of high-flow leaks. Garcia-Navarro described 46 cases in which a lumbar drain was placed in 67% of patients with two postoperative CSF leaks, one in each group. Eloy et al. described 59 patients without lumbar drain and reported no postoperative CSF leaks. SUMMARY: Lumbar drains are not necessary in the settings of low-flow CSF leaks or even in all high-flow leaks. We consider the use of a lumbar drain in settings wherein a high-flow leak is encountered or anticipated and the patient has other risk factors that may make the risk of postoperative CSF leak higher or closure of the leak more difficult.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lumbar drains were once routinely used for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in endoscopic skull base reconstruction. The vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap has now become the reconstructive workhorse in the setting of high-flow leaks. High-flow CSF leaks occur when there is violation of a cistern or ventricle. As lumbar drains have the potential for significant complications and the rate of postoperative CSF leak has decreased with the use of vascularized flaps, lumbar drain use has been challenged. RECENT FINDINGS: Lumbar drains have a reported 3% major and 5% minor complication rates. Two recent studies reviewed their postoperative CSF leak rates after reconstruction of high-flow leaks. Garcia-Navarro described 46 cases in which a lumbar drain was placed in 67% of patients with two postoperative CSF leaks, one in each group. Eloy et al. described 59 patients without lumbar drain and reported no postoperative CSF leaks. SUMMARY: Lumbar drains are not necessary in the settings of low-flow CSF leaks or even in all high-flow leaks. We consider the use of a lumbar drain in settings wherein a high-flow leak is encountered or anticipated and the patient has other risk factors that may make the risk of postoperative CSF leak higher or closure of the leak more difficult.
Authors: Tomáš Česák; Pavel Poczos; Jaroslav Adamkov; Jiří Náhlovský; Petra Kašparová; Filip Gabalec; Petr Čelakovský; Ondrej Choutka Journal: Pituitary Date: 2018-12 Impact factor: 4.107