Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells: methods and application.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and the capability of differentiating into virtually every cell type in the human body make this field a ray of hope for vascular regenerative therapy and understanding of the disease mechanism. In the present review, we first discuss the recent iPSC technology and vascular smooth muscle development from an embryo and then examine different methodologies to derive VSMCs from iPSCs, and their applications in regenerative therapy and disease modelling.