Surgical procedures in the treatment of most severe eye burns. Revival of the artificial epithelium.

Report of some clinical observations in 16 patients with severe and most severe burns of 19 eyes. Major problems were delayed regeneration of the epithelium, extensive ulceration of the sclera near the limbus, and subsequent corneal ulceration. The therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs, macromolecular hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, epidermal growth factor, free transplants of oral mucosa and conjunctiva was sometimes helpful, but could not induce stable epithelial regeneration. The major problem remained the inability of the epithelium to regenerate on the cornea. Therefore, an artificial epithelium was applied in many cases. When healthy conjunctiva touched closely the artificial epithelium at the limbus, it remained tightly attached to the corneal stroma, preserved it's structure and even prevented corneal vascularisation for many months. However, when corneo-scleral ulceration was present, the artificial epithelium failed to protect the corneal stroma from secondary ulceration and sloughed off. Therefore, new surgical procedures, a conjunctiva-Tenon flap and a Tenon plasty were introduced to cover and to cure corneoscleral ulceration. These operations formed a new limbus, attached tightly to the rim of the artificial epithelium and prevented secondary ulceration underneath. Then under the protection of the artificial epithelium and the Tenon plasty the eye could be treated topically with corticosteroids for a long time. When the inflammatory response to the burn was healed, the natural epithelium recovered and the eye became ready for successful keratoplasty.