Nancy M Salbach1, Kelly K O'Brien2, Dina Brooks3, Emma Irvin4, Rosemary Martino5, Pam Takhar6, Sylvia Chan7, Jo-Anne Howe8. 1. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. Electronic address: nancy.salbach@utoronto.ca. 2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Electronic address: kelly.obrien@utoronto.ca. 3. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. Electronic address: dina.brooks@utoronto.ca. 4. Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 2E9, Canada. Electronic address: eirvin@iwh.on.ca. 5. Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Electronic address: rosemary.martino@utoronto.ca. 6. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Electronic address: p.takhar@utoronto.ca. 7. Physiotherapy, Allied Health Program, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 3 East Wing, Room 400, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Electronic address: sylvia.chan@uhn.ca. 8. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. Electronic address: jo-anne.howe@uhn.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the reference values and methodology used to obtain them for time- and distance-limited walk tests. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and searched PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, and The Cochrane Library from 1946 to May 2013. Full-text peer-reviewed articles written in English, French or Spanish were considered eligible. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts. One author determined eligibility of full-text articles, appraised methodological quality, and extracted data. A second author independently verified the accuracy of extracted data. RESULTS: Of the 41 eligible studies reviewed, 25 failed to describe the method used to select participants and 10 had an inadequate sample size. Twenty-five studies provided reference values for one time-limited walk test (6-min walk test (6 MWT)) and 18 studies provided reference values for 15 distance-limited walk tests. Across studies, walk test distances ranged from 3m to 40m. Descriptive values and reference equations for the 6 MWT were reported in 15 and 20 studies, respectively. Across 43 regression equations (median R(2)=0.46), age (98%) and sex (91%) were most frequently included. The equation yielding the maximum R(2) value (0.78) included age, height, weight and percentage of predicted maximum heart rate. Among six unique regression equations for distance-limited walk tests (median R(2)=0.17), sex (83%), age (67%) and weight (67%) were most frequently included. The equation yielding the maximum R(2) value (0.25) included age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Reference values reported for these tests provide a basis for classifying walking capacity as within normal limits, determining the magnitude of deficit, educating clients, setting rehabilitation goals, and planning studies.
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the reference values and methodology used to obtain them for time- and distance-limited walk tests. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and searched PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, and The Cochrane Library from 1946 to May 2013. Full-text peer-reviewed articles written in English, French or Spanish were considered eligible. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts. One author determined eligibility of full-text articles, appraised methodological quality, and extracted data. A second author independently verified the accuracy of extracted data. RESULTS: Of the 41 eligible studies reviewed, 25 failed to describe the method used to select participants and 10 had an inadequate sample size. Twenty-five studies provided reference values for one time-limited walk test (6-min walk test (6 MWT)) and 18 studies provided reference values for 15 distance-limited walk tests. Across studies, walk test distances ranged from 3m to 40m. Descriptive values and reference equations for the 6 MWT were reported in 15 and 20 studies, respectively. Across 43 regression equations (median R(2)=0.46), age (98%) and sex (91%) were most frequently included. The equation yielding the maximum R(2) value (0.78) included age, height, weight and percentage of predicted maximum heart rate. Among six unique regression equations for distance-limited walk tests (median R(2)=0.17), sex (83%), age (67%) and weight (67%) were most frequently included. The equation yielding the maximum R(2) value (0.25) included age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Reference values reported for these tests provide a basis for classifying walking capacity as within normal limits, determining the magnitude of deficit, educating clients, setting rehabilitation goals, and planning studies.
Authors: C Debra M Furr-Holden; Adam J Milam; Elizabeth D Nesoff; Renee M Johnson; David O Fakunle; Jacky M Jennings; Roland J Thorpe Journal: J Stud Alcohol Drugs Date: 2016-01 Impact factor: 2.582
Authors: Pamela J Trangenstein; Naomi Greene; Raimee H Eck; Adam J Milam; C Debra Furr-Holden; David H Jernigan Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2020-01-21 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Marta Karas; Marcin Stra Czkiewicz; William Fadel; Jaroslaw Harezlak; Ciprian M Crainiceanu; Jacek K Urbanek Journal: Biostatistics Date: 2021-04-10 Impact factor: 5.899
Authors: Peter D Cox; Courtney A Frengopoulos; Susan W Hunter; C Michele Sealy; A Barry Deathe; Michael W C Payne Journal: Physiother Can Date: 2017 Impact factor: 1.037
Authors: Ashley M Goodwin; Kayla M D Cornett; Marnee J McKay; Joshua Burns; Carol Ewing Garber; Darryl C De Vivo; Jacqueline Montes Journal: Muscle Nerve Date: 2020-01-16 Impact factor: 3.217
Authors: Rebecca Gary; Sandra B Dunbar; Melinda Higgins; Brittany Butts; Elizabeth Corwin; Kenneth Hepburn; Javed Butler; Andrew H Miller Journal: J Appl Gerontol Date: 2018-01-18