Kanhaiya Singh1, Neeraj K Agrawal2, Sanjeev K Gupta3, Gyanendra Mohan4, Sunanda Chaturvedi4, Kiran Singh5. 1. Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. 2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. 3. Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. 4. Indian Railway Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, N.E.R., Varanasi- 221002, India. 5. Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. Electronic address: singhk4@rediffmail.com.
Abstract
AIM: Persistent hyperglycemic microenvironment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to the development of secondary complications like wound healing impairment. Proper co-ordination of innate immune system plays an integral role in wound healing. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are prominent contributors for the induction of the innate immune and inflammation response. TLR2 is an important extracellular member in mammalian TLR family and has been shown to be a potent player in the wound healing mechanism. METHODS: Expressional status of TLR2 was seen in wounds of T2DM cases with respect to the severity of wounds in 110 human lower extremity wounds. The methylation status of TLR2 promoter was also examined. RESULTS: Although TLR2 transcripts were downregulated in T2DM wounds compared to control, their levels tend to increase with the severity of T2DM wounds. The methylation status of TLR2 gene promoter was not significantly different among different grades of wounds in T2DM subjects. The CpG sites investigated were totally or partially methylated in majority of DFU cases. CONCLUSION: TLR2 down regulation in wounds of T2DM patients compared to non diabetic patients may lead to development of non healing chronic ulcers in them.
AIM: Persistent hyperglycemic microenvironment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to the development of secondary complications like wound healing impairment. Proper co-ordination of innate immune system plays an integral role in wound healing. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are prominent contributors for the induction of the innate immune and inflammation response. TLR2 is an important extracellular member in mammalianTLR family and has been shown to be a potent player in the wound healing mechanism. METHODS: Expressional status of TLR2 was seen in wounds of T2DM cases with respect to the severity of wounds in 110 human lower extremity wounds. The methylation status of TLR2 promoter was also examined. RESULTS: Although TLR2 transcripts were downregulated in T2DM wounds compared to control, their levels tend to increase with the severity of T2DM wounds. The methylation status of TLR2 gene promoter was not significantly different among different grades of wounds in T2DM subjects. The CpG sites investigated were totally or partially methylated in majority of DFU cases. CONCLUSION:TLR2 down regulation in wounds of T2DM patients compared to non diabeticpatients may lead to development of non healing chronic ulcers in them.
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