Kari Britt Hagen1, Turid Aas2, Kirsten Lode3, Jennifer Gjerde4, Ernst Lien4, Jan Terje Kvaløy5, Timothy L Lash6, Håvard Søiland7, Ragna Lind8. 1. Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: kari.britt.hagen@helse-bergen.no. 2. Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 3. Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 4. Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 5. Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 7. Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Section for Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 8. Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Several studies have shown that uncertainty about disease and fear of disease progression affects psychosocial adjustment and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to validate a Norwegian short version of the "The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale" (SF-MUIS) and to examine the impact of uncertainty in illness in breast cancer patients. METHOD AND SAMPLE: 209 patients in breast cancer treatment completed questionnaires for SF-MUIS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-ES), and eight questions concerning quality of the patient information provided (IQP). Relationship between scores on uncertainty in illness and anxiety, depression, social support, emotional well-being, the quality of patient information provided, and age were studied by multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Ordinal coefficient alpha for the Norwegian version of SF-MUIS was 0.70. Scores on SF-MUIS correlated significantly with scores on HADS (P = 0.001), FACT-ES (P = 0.001), and IQP (P = 0.001) indicating good convergent validity. The patients reported a moderate degree of uncertainty in illness. However, those who had been diagnosed with breast cancer for a year, reported higher scores than those newly diagnosed (P=<0.0001). Information provided was the sole significant predictor of illness uncertainty (P=<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study confirm that the Norwegian version of the SF-MUIS is a suitable tool for assessment of uncertainty in breast cancer patients, who reported a moderate degree of uncertainty in illness.
PURPOSE: Several studies have shown that uncertainty about disease and fear of disease progression affects psychosocial adjustment and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to validate a Norwegian short version of the "The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale" (SF-MUIS) and to examine the impact of uncertainty in illness in breast cancerpatients. METHOD AND SAMPLE: 209 patients in breast cancer treatment completed questionnaires for SF-MUIS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-ES), and eight questions concerning quality of the patient information provided (IQP). Relationship between scores on uncertainty in illness and anxiety, depression, social support, emotional well-being, the quality of patient information provided, and age were studied by multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Ordinal coefficient alpha for the Norwegian version of SF-MUIS was 0.70. Scores on SF-MUIS correlated significantly with scores on HADS (P = 0.001), FACT-ES (P = 0.001), and IQP (P = 0.001) indicating good convergent validity. The patients reported a moderate degree of uncertainty in illness. However, those who had been diagnosed with breast cancer for a year, reported higher scores than those newly diagnosed (P=<0.0001). Information provided was the sole significant predictor of illness uncertainty (P=<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study confirm that the Norwegian version of the SF-MUIS is a suitable tool for assessment of uncertainty in breast cancerpatients, who reported a moderate degree of uncertainty in illness.
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