Diana Eng1, Walter K Vogel1, Nicholas S Flann2, Michael K Gross1, Chrissa Kioussi1. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. 2. Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, United States, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cell types are defined at the molecular level during embryogenesis by a process called pattern formation and created by the selective utilization of combinations of sequence specific transcription factors. Developmental programs define the sets of genes that are available to each particular cell type, and real-time biochemical signaling interactions define the extent to which these sets are used at any given time and place. Gene expression is regulated through the integrated action of many cis-regulatory elements, including core promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators. The chromatin state in developing body parts provides a code to cellular populations that direct their cell fates. Chromatin profiling has been a method of choice for mapping regulatory sequences in cells that go through developmental transitions. RESULTS: We used antibodies against histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylations (H3K4me3) a modification associated with promoters and open/active chromatin, histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylations (H3K27me3) associated with Polycomb-repressed regions and RNA polymerase II (Pol2) associated with transcriptional initiation to identify the chromatin state signature of the mouse forelimb during mid-gestation, at embryonic day 12 (E12). The families of genes marked included those related to transcriptional regulation and embryogenesis. One third of the marked genes were transcriptionally active while only a small fraction were bivalent marked. Sequence specific transcription factors that were activated were involved in cell specification including bone and muscle formation. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that embryonic limb cells do not exhibit the plasticity of the ES cells but are rather programmed for a finer tuning for cell lineage specification.
BACKGROUND: Cell types are defined at the molecular level during embryogenesis by a process called pattern formation and created by the selective utilization of combinations of sequence specific transcription factors. Developmental programs define the sets of genes that are available to each particular cell type, and real-time biochemical signaling interactions define the extent to which these sets are used at any given time and place. Gene expression is regulated through the integrated action of many cis-regulatory elements, including core promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators. The chromatin state in developing body parts provides a code to cellular populations that direct their cell fates. Chromatin profiling has been a method of choice for mapping regulatory sequences in cells that go through developmental transitions. RESULTS: We used antibodies against histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylations (H3K4me3) a modification associated with promoters and open/active chromatin, histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylations (H3K27me3) associated with Polycomb-repressed regions and RNA polymerase II (Pol2) associated with transcriptional initiation to identify the chromatin state signature of the mouse forelimb during mid-gestation, at embryonic day 12 (E12). The families of genes marked included those related to transcriptional regulation and embryogenesis. One third of the marked genes were transcriptionally active while only a small fraction were bivalent marked. Sequence specific transcription factors that were activated were involved in cell specification including bone and muscle formation. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that embryonic limb cells do not exhibit the plasticity of the ES cells but are rather programmed for a finer tuning for cell lineage specification.
Authors: Nathaniel D Heintzman; Rhona K Stuart; Gary Hon; Yutao Fu; Christina W Ching; R David Hawkins; Leah O Barrera; Sara Van Calcar; Chunxu Qu; Keith A Ching; Wei Wang; Zhiping Weng; Roland D Green; Gregory E Crawford; Bing Ren Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2007-02-04 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Ewan Birney; John A Stamatoyannopoulos; Anindya Dutta; Roderic Guigó; Thomas R Gingeras; Elliott H Margulies; Zhiping Weng; Michael Snyder; Emmanouil T Dermitzakis; Robert E Thurman; Michael S Kuehn; Christopher M Taylor; Shane Neph; Christoph M Koch; Saurabh Asthana; Ankit Malhotra; Ivan Adzhubei; Jason A Greenbaum; Robert M Andrews; Paul Flicek; Patrick J Boyle; Hua Cao; Nigel P Carter; Gayle K Clelland; Sean Davis; Nathan Day; Pawandeep Dhami; Shane C Dillon; Michael O Dorschner; Heike Fiegler; Paul G Giresi; Jeff Goldy; Michael Hawrylycz; Andrew Haydock; Richard Humbert; Keith D James; Brett E Johnson; Ericka M Johnson; Tristan T Frum; Elizabeth R Rosenzweig; Neerja Karnani; Kirsten Lee; Gregory C Lefebvre; Patrick A Navas; Fidencio Neri; Stephen C J Parker; Peter J Sabo; Richard Sandstrom; Anthony Shafer; David Vetrie; Molly Weaver; Sarah Wilcox; Man Yu; Francis S Collins; Job Dekker; Jason D Lieb; Thomas D Tullius; Gregory E Crawford; Shamil Sunyaev; William S Noble; Ian Dunham; France Denoeud; Alexandre Reymond; Philipp Kapranov; Joel Rozowsky; Deyou Zheng; Robert Castelo; Adam Frankish; Jennifer Harrow; Srinka Ghosh; Albin Sandelin; Ivo L Hofacker; Robert Baertsch; Damian Keefe; Sujit Dike; Jill Cheng; Heather A Hirsch; Edward A Sekinger; Julien Lagarde; Josep F Abril; Atif Shahab; Christoph Flamm; Claudia Fried; Jörg Hackermüller; Jana Hertel; Manja Lindemeyer; Kristin Missal; Andrea Tanzer; Stefan Washietl; Jan Korbel; Olof Emanuelsson; Jakob S Pedersen; Nancy Holroyd; Ruth Taylor; David Swarbreck; Nicholas Matthews; Mark C Dickson; Daryl J Thomas; Matthew T Weirauch; James Gilbert; Jorg Drenkow; Ian Bell; XiaoDong Zhao; K G Srinivasan; Wing-Kin Sung; Hong Sain Ooi; Kuo Ping Chiu; Sylvain Foissac; Tyler Alioto; Michael Brent; Lior Pachter; Michael L Tress; Alfonso Valencia; Siew Woh Choo; Chiou Yu Choo; Catherine Ucla; Caroline Manzano; Carine Wyss; Evelyn Cheung; Taane G Clark; James B Brown; Madhavan Ganesh; Sandeep Patel; Hari Tammana; Jacqueline Chrast; Charlotte N Henrichsen; Chikatoshi Kai; Jun Kawai; Ugrappa Nagalakshmi; Jiaqian Wu; Zheng Lian; Jin Lian; Peter Newburger; Xueqing Zhang; Peter Bickel; John S Mattick; Piero Carninci; Yoshihide Hayashizaki; Sherman Weissman; Tim Hubbard; Richard M Myers; Jane Rogers; Peter F Stadler; Todd M Lowe; Chia-Lin Wei; Yijun Ruan; Kevin Struhl; Mark Gerstein; Stylianos E Antonarakis; Yutao Fu; Eric D Green; Ulaş Karaöz; Adam Siepel; James Taylor; Laura A Liefer; Kris A Wetterstrand; Peter J Good; Elise A Feingold; Mark S Guyer; Gregory M Cooper; George Asimenos; Colin N Dewey; Minmei Hou; Sergey Nikolaev; Juan I Montoya-Burgos; Ari Löytynoja; Simon Whelan; Fabio Pardi; Tim Massingham; Haiyan Huang; Nancy R Zhang; Ian Holmes; James C Mullikin; Abel Ureta-Vidal; Benedict Paten; Michael Seringhaus; Deanna Church; Kate Rosenbloom; W James Kent; Eric A Stone; Serafim Batzoglou; Nick Goldman; Ross C Hardison; David Haussler; Webb Miller; Arend Sidow; Nathan D Trinklein; Zhengdong D Zhang; Leah Barrera; Rhona Stuart; David C King; Adam Ameur; Stefan Enroth; Mark C Bieda; Jonghwan Kim; Akshay A Bhinge; Nan Jiang; Jun Liu; Fei Yao; Vinsensius B Vega; Charlie W H Lee; Patrick Ng; Atif Shahab; Annie Yang; Zarmik Moqtaderi; Zhou Zhu; Xiaoqin Xu; Sharon Squazzo; Matthew J Oberley; David Inman; Michael A Singer; Todd A Richmond; Kyle J Munn; Alvaro Rada-Iglesias; Ola Wallerman; Jan Komorowski; Joanna C Fowler; Phillippe Couttet; Alexander W Bruce; Oliver M Dovey; Peter D Ellis; Cordelia F Langford; David A Nix; Ghia Euskirchen; Stephen Hartman; Alexander E Urban; Peter Kraus; Sara Van Calcar; Nate Heintzman; Tae Hoon Kim; Kun Wang; Chunxu Qu; Gary Hon; Rosa Luna; Christopher K Glass; M Geoff Rosenfeld; Shelley Force Aldred; Sara J Cooper; Anason Halees; Jane M Lin; Hennady P Shulha; Xiaoling Zhang; Mousheng Xu; Jaafar N S Haidar; Yong Yu; Yijun Ruan; Vishwanath R Iyer; Roland D Green; Claes Wadelius; Peggy J Farnham; Bing Ren; Rachel A Harte; Angie S Hinrichs; Heather Trumbower; Hiram Clawson; Jennifer Hillman-Jackson; Ann S Zweig; Kayla Smith; Archana Thakkapallayil; Galt Barber; Robert M Kuhn; Donna Karolchik; Lluis Armengol; Christine P Bird; Paul I W de Bakker; Andrew D Kern; Nuria Lopez-Bigas; Joel D Martin; Barbara E Stranger; Abigail Woodroffe; Eugene Davydov; Antigone Dimas; Eduardo Eyras; Ingileif B Hallgrímsdóttir; Julian Huppert; Michael C Zody; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Xavier Estivill; Gerard G Bouffard; Xiaobin Guan; Nancy F Hansen; Jacquelyn R Idol; Valerie V B Maduro; Baishali Maskeri; Jennifer C McDowell; Morgan Park; Pamela J Thomas; Alice C Young; Robert W Blakesley; Donna M Muzny; Erica Sodergren; David A Wheeler; Kim C Worley; Huaiyang Jiang; George M Weinstock; Richard A Gibbs; Tina Graves; Robert Fulton; Elaine R Mardis; Richard K Wilson; Michele Clamp; James Cuff; Sante Gnerre; David B Jaffe; Jean L Chang; Kerstin Lindblad-Toh; Eric S Lander; Maxim Koriabine; Mikhail Nefedov; Kazutoyo Osoegawa; Yuko Yoshinaga; Baoli Zhu; Pieter J de Jong Journal: Nature Date: 2007-06-14 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: K Sekine; H Ohuchi; M Fujiwara; M Yamasaki; T Yoshizawa; T Sato; N Yagishita; D Matsui; Y Koga; N Itoh; S Kato Journal: Nat Genet Date: 1999-01 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Matthew D Young; Tracy A Willson; Matthew J Wakefield; Evelyn Trounson; Douglas J Hilton; Marnie E Blewitt; Alicia Oshlack; Ian J Majewski Journal: Nucleic Acids Res Date: 2011-06-07 Impact factor: 16.971