BACKGROUND: Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is widely prevalent in India and Indian subcontinent. Cohort and case-control studies in India and elsewhere report excess mortality due to its use. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to estimate the SLT use-attributable deaths in males and females, aged 35 years and older, in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence of SLT use in persons aged 35 years and older was obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in India and population size and deaths in the relevant age-sex groups were obtained from UN estimates (2010 revision) for 2008. A meta-relative risk (RR) based population attributable fraction was used to estimate attributable deaths in persons aged 35 years and older. A random effects model was used in the meta-analysis on all-cause mortality from SLT use in India including four cohort and one case-control study. The studies included in the meta-analysis were adjusted for smoking, age and education. RESULTS: The prevalence of SLT use in India was 25.2% for men and 24.5% for women aged 35 years and older. RRs for females and males were 1.34 (1.27-1.42) and 1.17 (1.05-1.42), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to SLT use in India is estimated to be 368127 (217,076 women and 151,051 men), with nearly three-fifth (60%) of these deaths occurring among women. CONCLUSION: SLT use caused over 350,000 deaths in India in 2010, and nearly three-fifth of SLT use-attributable deaths were among women in India. This calls for targeted public health intervention focusing on SLT products especially among women.
BACKGROUND: Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is widely prevalent in India and Indian subcontinent. Cohort and case-control studies in India and elsewhere report excess mortality due to its use. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to estimate the SLT use-attributable deaths in males and females, aged 35 years and older, in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence of SLT use in persons aged 35 years and older was obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in India and population size and deaths in the relevant age-sex groups were obtained from UN estimates (2010 revision) for 2008. A meta-relative risk (RR) based population attributable fraction was used to estimate attributable deaths in persons aged 35 years and older. A random effects model was used in the meta-analysis on all-cause mortality from SLT use in India including four cohort and one case-control study. The studies included in the meta-analysis were adjusted for smoking, age and education. RESULTS: The prevalence of SLT use in India was 25.2% for men and 24.5% for women aged 35 years and older. RRs for females and males were 1.34 (1.27-1.42) and 1.17 (1.05-1.42), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to SLT use in India is estimated to be 368127 (217,076 women and 151,051 men), with nearly three-fifth (60%) of these deaths occurring among women. CONCLUSION: SLT use caused over 350,000 deaths in India in 2010, and nearly three-fifth of SLT use-attributable deaths were among women in India. This calls for targeted public health intervention focusing on SLT products especially among women.
Authors: E M Nagler; M Aghi; A Rathore; H Lando; M S Pednekar; P C Gupta; A M Stoddard; C Kenwood; B Penningroth; D N Sinha; G Sorensen Journal: Health Educ Res Date: 2020-02-01
Authors: M S Pednekar; E M Nagler; P C Gupta; P S Pawar; N Mathur; K Adhikari; L S Codeira; A M Stoddard; G Sorensen Journal: Health Educ Res Date: 2018-06-01
Authors: Glorian Sorensen; Mangesh Pednekar; Laura Shulman Cordeira; Pratibha Pawar; Eve M Nagler; Anne M Stoddard; Hae-Young Kim; Prakash C Gupta Journal: Tob Control Date: 2016-02-16 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Ritesh Mistry; Mangesh S Pednekar; William J McCarthy; Ken Resnicow; Sharmila A Pimple; Hsing-Fang Hsieh; Gauravi A Mishra; Prakash C Gupta Journal: Tob Control Date: 2018-05-09 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Glorian Sorensen; Eve M Nagler; Pratibha Pawar; Prakash C Gupta; Mangesh S Pednekar; Gregory R Wagner Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-08-24 Impact factor: 3.240