Lorra Garey1, Jafar Bakhshaie, Anka A Vujanovic, Adam M Leventhal, Norman B Schmidt, Michael J Zvolensky. 1. From the Department of Psychology (LG, JB, MJZ), University of Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (AAV), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX; Department of Preventive Medicine and Psychology (AML), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Psychology (NBS), Florida State University, Tallahassee; and Department of Behavioral Sciences (MJZ), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Despite the co-occurrence and clinically significant relationship between trauma exposure and smoking, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying the posttraumatic stress symptoms-smoking relationship. This study examined whether dysphoria (ie, a psychopathologic symptom dimension that reflects depression's core affective, cognitive, and psychomotor features) accounted for the covariance between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and an array of smoking processes among trauma-exposed daily smokers. METHODS: Participants (n = 189; 47.6% female; Mage = 41.15; SD = 12.47) were trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking daily cigarette smokers who completed measures of posttraumatic stress symptom severity, dysphoria, and 4 cognitive-based smoking processes that interfere with smoking cessation-avoidance/inflexibility to smoking, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, negative affect reduction motivation for smoking, and negative affect reduction/negative reinforcement expectancies from smoking. RESULTS: Dysphoria indirectly and significantly accounted for the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and smoking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The present results provide initial empirical support that dysphoria accounts for the covariance between posttraumatic symptom severity and various clinically relevant smoking variables in trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking smokers. The findings suggest the potential importance of targeting dysphoria during smoking cessation among trauma-exposed individuals.
OBJECTIVES: Despite the co-occurrence and clinically significant relationship between trauma exposure and smoking, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying the posttraumatic stress symptoms-smoking relationship. This study examined whether dysphoria (ie, a psychopathologic symptom dimension that reflects depression's core affective, cognitive, and psychomotor features) accounted for the covariance between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and an array of smoking processes among trauma-exposed daily smokers. METHODS:Participants (n = 189; 47.6% female; Mage = 41.15; SD = 12.47) were trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking daily cigarette smokers who completed measures of posttraumatic stress symptom severity, dysphoria, and 4 cognitive-based smoking processes that interfere with smoking cessation-avoidance/inflexibility to smoking, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, negative affect reduction motivation for smoking, and negative affect reduction/negative reinforcement expectancies from smoking. RESULTS:Dysphoria indirectly and significantly accounted for the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and smoking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The present results provide initial empirical support that dysphoria accounts for the covariance between posttraumatic symptom severity and various clinically relevant smoking variables in trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking smokers. The findings suggest the potential importance of targeting dysphoria during smoking cessation among trauma-exposed individuals.
Authors: Michael J Zvolensky; Laura E Gibson; Anka A Vujanovic; Kristin Gregor; Amit Bernstein; Christopher Kahler; C W Legues; Richard A Brown; Matthew T Feldner Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Christine Heim; D Jeffrey Newport; Tanja Mletzko; Andrew H Miller; Charles B Nemeroff Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2008-07 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Lorra Garey; Jafar Bakhshaie; Anka A Vujanovic; Lorraine R Reitzel; Norman B Schmidt; Michael J Zvolensky Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2016-04-02 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Amber D Seelig; Kara M Bensley; Emily C Williams; Richard F Armenta; Anna C Rivera; Arthur V Peterson; Isabel G Jacobson; Alyson J Littman; Charles Maynard; Jonathan B Bricker; Rudolph P Rull; Edward J Boyko Journal: J Addict Med Date: 2018 Sep/Oct Impact factor: 3.702