Jyoti Malhotra1. 1. Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: jyoti.malhotra@mountsinai.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genetic and molecular factors can play an important role in an individual's cancer susceptibility and response to carcinogen exposure. Cancer susceptibility and response to carcinogen exposure can be either through inheritance of high penetrance but rare germline mutations that constitute heritable cancer syndromes, or it can be inherited as common genetic variations or polymorphisms that are associated with low to moderate risk for development of cancer. These polymorphisms can interact with environmental exposures and can influence an individual's cancer risk through multiple pathways, including affecting the rate of metabolism of carcinogens or the immune response to these toxins. Thus, these genetic polymorphisms can account for some of the geographical differences seen in cancer prevalence between different populations. OBJECTIVES: This review explores the role of molecular epidemiology in the field of cancer prevention and control in low- and medium-income countries. FINDINGS: Using data from Human Genome Project and HapMap Project, genome-wide association studies have been able to identify multiple susceptibility loci for different cancers. The field of genetic and molecular epidemiology has been further revolutionized by the discovery of newer, faster, and more efficient DNA-sequencing technologies including next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The new DNA-sequencing technologies can play an important role in planning and implementation of cancer prevention and screening strategies. More research is needed in this area, especially in investigating new biomarkers and measuring gene-environment interactions.
BACKGROUND: Genetic and molecular factors can play an important role in an individual's cancer susceptibility and response to carcinogen exposure. Cancer susceptibility and response to carcinogen exposure can be either through inheritance of high penetrance but rare germline mutations that constitute heritable cancer syndromes, or it can be inherited as common genetic variations or polymorphisms that are associated with low to moderate risk for development of cancer. These polymorphisms can interact with environmental exposures and can influence an individual's cancer risk through multiple pathways, including affecting the rate of metabolism of carcinogens or the immune response to these toxins. Thus, these genetic polymorphisms can account for some of the geographical differences seen in cancer prevalence between different populations. OBJECTIVES: This review explores the role of molecular epidemiology in the field of cancer prevention and control in low- and medium-income countries. FINDINGS: Using data from Human Genome Project and HapMap Project, genome-wide association studies have been able to identify multiple susceptibility loci for different cancers. The field of genetic and molecular epidemiology has been further revolutionized by the discovery of newer, faster, and more efficient DNA-sequencing technologies including next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The new DNA-sequencing technologies can play an important role in planning and implementation of cancer prevention and screening strategies. More research is needed in this area, especially in investigating new biomarkers and measuring gene-environment interactions.
Authors: William H Goodson; Leroy Lowe; David O Carpenter; Michael Gilbertson; Abdul Manaf Ali; Adela Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi; Ahmed Lasfar; Amancio Carnero; Amaya Azqueta; Amedeo Amedei; Amelia K Charles; Andrew R Collins; Andrew Ward; Anna C Salzberg; Annamaria Colacci; Ann-Karin Olsen; Arthur Berg; Barry J Barclay; Binhua P Zhou; Carmen Blanco-Aparicio; Carolyn J Baglole; Chenfang Dong; Chiara Mondello; Chia-Wen Hsu; Christian C Naus; Clement Yedjou; Colleen S Curran; Dale W Laird; Daniel C Koch; Danielle J Carlin; Dean W Felsher; Debasish Roy; Dustin G Brown; Edward Ratovitski; Elizabeth P Ryan; Emanuela Corsini; Emilio Rojas; Eun-Yi Moon; Ezio Laconi; Fabio Marongiu; Fahd Al-Mulla; Ferdinando Chiaradonna; Firouz Darroudi; Francis L Martin; Frederik J Van Schooten; Gary S Goldberg; Gerard Wagemaker; Gladys N Nangami; Gloria M Calaf; Graeme Williams; Gregory T Wolf; Gudrun Koppen; Gunnar Brunborg; H Kim Lyerly; Harini Krishnan; Hasiah Ab Hamid; Hemad Yasaei; Hideko Sone; Hiroshi Kondoh; Hosni K Salem; Hsue-Yin Hsu; Hyun Ho Park; Igor Koturbash; Isabelle R Miousse; A Ivana Scovassi; James E Klaunig; Jan Vondráček; Jayadev Raju; Jesse Roman; John Pierce Wise; Jonathan R Whitfield; Jordan Woodrick; Joseph A Christopher; Josiah Ochieng; Juan Fernando Martinez-Leal; Judith Weisz; Julia Kravchenko; Jun Sun; Kalan R Prudhomme; Kannan Badri Narayanan; Karine A Cohen-Solal; Kim Moorwood; Laetitia Gonzalez; Laura Soucek; Le Jian; Leandro S D'Abronzo; Liang-Tzung Lin; Lin Li; Linda Gulliver; Lisa J McCawley; Lorenzo Memeo; Louis Vermeulen; Luc Leyns; Luoping Zhang; Mahara Valverde; Mahin Khatami; Maria Fiammetta Romano; Marion Chapellier; Marc A Williams; Mark Wade; Masoud H Manjili; Matilde E Lleonart; Menghang Xia; Michael J Gonzalez; Michalis V Karamouzis; Micheline Kirsch-Volders; Monica Vaccari; Nancy B Kuemmerle; Neetu Singh; Nichola Cruickshanks; Nicole Kleinstreuer; Nik van Larebeke; Nuzhat Ahmed; Olugbemiga Ogunkua; P K Krishnakumar; Pankaj Vadgama; Paola A Marignani; Paramita M Ghosh; Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman; Patricia A Thompson; Paul Dent; Petr Heneberg; Philippa Darbre; Po Sing Leung; Pratima Nangia-Makker; Qiang Shawn Cheng; R Brooks Robey; Rabeah Al-Temaimi; Rabindra Roy; Rafaela Andrade-Vieira; Ranjeet K Sinha; Rekha Mehta; Renza Vento; Riccardo Di Fiore; Richard Ponce-Cusi; Rita Dornetshuber-Fleiss; Rita Nahta; Robert C Castellino; Roberta Palorini; Roslida Abd Hamid; Sabine A S Langie; Sakina E Eltom; Samira A Brooks; Sandra Ryeom; Sandra S Wise; Sarah N Bay; Shelley A Harris; Silvana Papagerakis; Simona Romano; Sofia Pavanello; Staffan Eriksson; Stefano Forte; Stephanie C Casey; Sudjit Luanpitpong; Tae-Jin Lee; Takemi Otsuki; Tao Chen; Thierry Massfelder; Thomas Sanderson; Tiziana Guarnieri; Tove Hultman; Valérian Dormoy; Valerie Odero-Marah; Venkata Sabbisetti; Veronique Maguer-Satta; W Kimryn Rathmell; Wilhelm Engström; William K Decker; William H Bisson; Yon Rojanasakul; Yunus Luqmani; Zhenbang Chen; Zhiwei Hu Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Michel Arock; Christoph Bock; Tracy I George; Stephen J Galli; Jason Gotlib; Torsten Haferlach; Gregor Hoermann; Olivier Hermine; Ulrich Jäger; Lukas Kenner; Hans Kreipe; Ravindra Majeti; Dean D Metcalfe; Alberto Orfao; Andreas Reiter; Wolfgang R Sperr; Philipp B Staber; Karl Sotlar; Charles Schiffer; Giulio Superti-Furga; Hans-Peter Horny Journal: EBioMedicine Date: 2017-11-26 Impact factor: 8.143