Roberta Elisa Rossi1, Marinos Pericleous2, Dalvinder Mandair3, Tara Whyand4, Martyn Evan Caplin5. 1. Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 2. Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. 3. Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. Cancer Institute, University College London, London, U.K. 4. Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. 5. Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. m.caplin@ucl.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death in women. There is growing evidence for a role for dietary factors in BC pathophysiology. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the impact of dietary factors in BC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliographical searches were performed in PubMed, using the following terms: "nutrition and breast cancer", "nutrition and breast carcinoma", "dietary factors and breast cancer", "risk factors and breast cancer", "diet and breast cancer, "breast cancer epidemiology", "breast cancer and prevention". RESULTS: Consumption of well-done red meat appears to be associated with increased risk of BC, whereas fish may be protective. Total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and glycaemic load should be monitored and controlled in at risk populations because they may be associated with increased risk of BC, although the exact mechanisms involved are not clear. Alcohol intake should be minimized since it is a risk factor for BC. High intake of polyphenol/phyto-oestrogen -rich food (i.e. flavonoids, soya products), as well as fibres, fruits and vegetables, may have potential protective effects against BC occurrence but the results might vary according to hormonal status. Vitamin D supplements appear protective against BC development and similarly other vitamins and oligo-elements might decrease BC risk, although further large prospective studies are required. CONCLUSION: There exist increasing evidence that dietary factors can play an important role in both the development and prevention of BC. Large randomized clinical and epidemiological studies are required but are difficult to design due to the number of variable factors. Copyright
BACKGROUND/AIM: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death in women. There is growing evidence for a role for dietary factors in BC pathophysiology. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the impact of dietary factors in BC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliographical searches were performed in PubMed, using the following terms: "nutrition and breast cancer", "nutrition and breast carcinoma", "dietary factors and breast cancer", "risk factors and breast cancer", "diet and breast cancer, "breast cancer epidemiology", "breast cancer and prevention". RESULTS: Consumption of well-done red meat appears to be associated with increased risk of BC, whereas fish may be protective. Total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and glycaemic load should be monitored and controlled in at risk populations because they may be associated with increased risk of BC, although the exact mechanisms involved are not clear. Alcohol intake should be minimized since it is a risk factor for BC. High intake of polyphenol/phyto-oestrogen -rich food (i.e. flavonoids, soya products), as well as fibres, fruits and vegetables, may have potential protective effects against BC occurrence but the results might vary according to hormonal status. Vitamin D supplements appear protective against BC development and similarly other vitamins and oligo-elements might decrease BC risk, although further large prospective studies are required. CONCLUSION: There exist increasing evidence that dietary factors can play an important role in both the development and prevention of BC. Large randomized clinical and epidemiological studies are required but are difficult to design due to the number of variable factors. Copyright
Authors: Hector R Galván-Salazar; Alejandro Arreola-Cruz; Daniela Madrigal-Pérez; Alejandro D Soriano-Hernández; Jose Guzman-Esquivel; Daniel A Montes-Galindo; Rodrigo A López-Flores; Francisco Espinoza-Gomez; Iram P Rodríguez-Sanchez; Oscar A Newton-Sanchez; Agustin Lara-Esqueda; Margarita L Martinez-Fierro; Xochitl G Briseño-Gomez; Ivan Delgado-Enciso Journal: Breast Care (Basel) Date: 2015-12-01 Impact factor: 2.860