BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence has dramatically increased in Tehran, Iran. The health impact of air pollution in Tehran underscores the attention to a possible association to this environmental risk factor. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of prevalent MS cases and their association with the spatial patterns of air pollution. METHODS: Patient records meeting McDonald's criteria for definite MS diagnosis with disease onset during 2003-2013 were obtained. Next, the location of 2,188 patients was successfully geo-referenced within Tehran metropolis by geographic information system (GIS) bureau of Iran's post office based on their phone numbers. A cluster analysis was performed using the average nearest neighbor index (ANNI) and quadrat analysis. The long-term exposures of MS patients to particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were estimated using the previously developed land use regression models. RESULTS: Prevalent MS cases had a clustered pattern in Tehran. A significant difference in exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2, and NOx (p < 0.001) was observed in MS cases compared with controls. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the potential role of long-term exposure to air pollutants as an environmental risk factor in MS.
BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence has dramatically increased in Tehran, Iran. The health impact of air pollution in Tehran underscores the attention to a possible association to this environmental risk factor. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of prevalent MS cases and their association with the spatial patterns of air pollution. METHODS:Patient records meeting McDonald's criteria for definite MS diagnosis with disease onset during 2003-2013 were obtained. Next, the location of 2,188 patients was successfully geo-referenced within Tehran metropolis by geographic information system (GIS) bureau of Iran's post office based on their phone numbers. A cluster analysis was performed using the average nearest neighbor index (ANNI) and quadrat analysis. The long-term exposures of MS patients to particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were estimated using the previously developed land use regression models. RESULTS: Prevalent MS cases had a clustered pattern in Tehran. A significant difference in exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2, and NOx (p < 0.001) was observed in MS cases compared with controls. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the potential role of long-term exposure to air pollutants as an environmental risk factor in MS.
Authors: Maxime Jeanjean; Marie-Abele Bind; Jonathan Roux; Jean-Claude Ongagna; Jérôme de Sèze; Denis Bard; Emmanuelle Leray Journal: Environ Res Date: 2018-02-06 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Amy M Lavery; Amy T Waldman; T Charles Casper; Shelly Roalstad; Meghan Candee; John Rose; Anita Belman; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Greg Aaen; Jan-Mendelt Tillema; Moses Rodriguez; Jayne Ness; Yolanda Harris; Jennifer Graves; Lauren Krupp; Leslie Benson; Mark Gorman; Manikum Moodley; Mary Rensel; Manu Goyal; Soe Mar; Tanuja Chitnis; Teri Schreiner; Tim Lotze; Benjamin Greenberg; Ilana Kahn; Jennifer Rubin; Emmanuelle Waubant Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Date: 2017-09-07 Impact factor: 4.339
Authors: Mehdi Aliomrani; Mohammad A Sahraian; Hamid Shirkhanloo; Mohammad Sharifzadeh; Mohammad R Khoshayand; Mohammad H Ghahremani Journal: Neurol Sci Date: 2017-04-21 Impact factor: 3.307