Lauren E Griffith1, Edwin van den Heuvel2, Isabel Fortier3, Nazmul Sohel1, Scott M Hofer4, Hélène Payette5, Christina Wolfson6, Sylvie Belleville7, Meghan Kenny1, Dany Doiron3, Parminder Raina8. 1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. 3. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 5. Research Center on Aging, Health & Social Services Center-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke and Department of Community Health and Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. 6. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 7. Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. 8. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: praina@mcmaster.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To identify statistical methods for harmonization, the procedures aimed at achieving the comparability of previously collected data, which could be used in the context of summary data and individual participant data meta-analysis of cognitive measures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Environmental scan methods were used to conduct two reviews to identify (1) studies that quantitatively combined data on cognition and (2) general literature on statistical methods for data harmonization. Search results were rapidly screened to identify articles of relevance. RESULTS: All 33 meta-analyses combining cognition measures either restricted their analyses to a subset of studies using a common measure or combined standardized effect sizes across studies; none reported their harmonization steps before producing summary effects. In the second scan, three general classes of statistical harmonization models were identified (1) standardization methods, (2) latent variable models, and (3) multiple imputation models; few publications compared methods. CONCLUSION: Although it is an implicit part of conducting a meta-analysis or pooled analysis, the methods used to assess inferential equivalence of complex constructs are rarely reported or discussed. Progress in this area will be supported by guidelines for the conduct and reporting of the data harmonization and integration and by evaluating and developing statistical approaches to harmonization.
OBJECTIVES: To identify statistical methods for harmonization, the procedures aimed at achieving the comparability of previously collected data, which could be used in the context of summary data and individual participant data meta-analysis of cognitive measures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Environmental scan methods were used to conduct two reviews to identify (1) studies that quantitatively combined data on cognition and (2) general literature on statistical methods for data harmonization. Search results were rapidly screened to identify articles of relevance. RESULTS: All 33 meta-analyses combining cognition measures either restricted their analyses to a subset of studies using a common measure or combined standardized effect sizes across studies; none reported their harmonization steps before producing summary effects. In the second scan, three general classes of statistical harmonization models were identified (1) standardization methods, (2) latent variable models, and (3) multiple imputation models; few publications compared methods. CONCLUSION: Although it is an implicit part of conducting a meta-analysis or pooled analysis, the methods used to assess inferential equivalence of complex constructs are rarely reported or discussed. Progress in this area will be supported by guidelines for the conduct and reporting of the data harmonization and integration and by evaluating and developing statistical approaches to harmonization.
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