Yun Wang1, Judith H Lichtman2, Kumar Dharmarajan3, Frederick A Masoudi4, Joseph S Ross5, John A Dodson6, Jersey Chen7, John A Spertus8, Sarwat I Chaudhry9, Brahmajee K Nallamothu10, Harlan M Krumholz11. 1. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 2. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. 3. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; (During the time the work was conducted) Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. 4. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO. 5. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. 6. (During the time the work was conducted) Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 7. Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD. 8. St Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO. 9. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. 10. Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management and Research and University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI. 11. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: harlan.krumholz@yale.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stroke is a common and important adverse event after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly. It is unclear whether the risk of stroke after AMI has changed with improvements in treatments and outcomes for AMI in the last decade. METHODS: To assess trends in risk of stroke after AMI, we used a national sample of Medicare data to identify Fee-for-Service patients (n = 2,305,441) aged ≥65 years who were discharged alive after hospitalization for AMI from 1999 to 2010. RESULTS: We identified 57,848 subsequent hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and 4,412 hospitalizations for hemorrhagic stroke within 1 year after AMI. The 1-year rate of ischemic stroke decreased from 3.4% (95% CI 3.3%-3.4%) to 2.6% (2.5%-2.7%; P < .001). The risk-adjusted annual decline was 3% (hazard ratio, 0.97; [0.97-0.98]) and was similar across all age and sex-race groups. The rate of hemorrhagic stroke remained stable at 0.2% and did not differ by subgroups. The 30-day mortality for patients admitted with ischemic stroke after AMI decreased from 19.9% (18.8%-20.9%) to 18.3% (17.1%-19.6%) and from 48.3% (43.0%-53.6%) to 45.7% (40.3%-51.2%) for those admitted with hemorrhagic stroke. We observed a decrease in 1-year mortality from 37.8% (36.5%-39.1%) to 35.3% (33.8%-36.8%) for ischemic stroke and from 66.6% (61.4%-71.5%) to 60.6% (55.1%-65.9%) for hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: From 1999 to 2010, the 1-year risk for ischemic stroke after AMI declined, whereas the risk of hemorrhagic stroke remained unchanged. However, 30-day and 1-year mortality continued to be high.
BACKGROUND:Stroke is a common and important adverse event after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly. It is unclear whether the risk of stroke after AMI has changed with improvements in treatments and outcomes for AMI in the last decade. METHODS: To assess trends in risk of stroke after AMI, we used a national sample of Medicare data to identify Fee-for-Service patients (n = 2,305,441) aged ≥65 years who were discharged alive after hospitalization for AMI from 1999 to 2010. RESULTS: We identified 57,848 subsequent hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and 4,412 hospitalizations for hemorrhagic stroke within 1 year after AMI. The 1-year rate of ischemic stroke decreased from 3.4% (95% CI 3.3%-3.4%) to 2.6% (2.5%-2.7%; P < .001). The risk-adjusted annual decline was 3% (hazard ratio, 0.97; [0.97-0.98]) and was similar across all age and sex-race groups. The rate of hemorrhagic stroke remained stable at 0.2% and did not differ by subgroups. The 30-day mortality for patients admitted with ischemic stroke after AMI decreased from 19.9% (18.8%-20.9%) to 18.3% (17.1%-19.6%) and from 48.3% (43.0%-53.6%) to 45.7% (40.3%-51.2%) for those admitted with hemorrhagic stroke. We observed a decrease in 1-year mortality from 37.8% (36.5%-39.1%) to 35.3% (33.8%-36.8%) for ischemic stroke and from 66.6% (61.4%-71.5%) to 60.6% (55.1%-65.9%) for hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: From 1999 to 2010, the 1-year risk for ischemic stroke after AMI declined, whereas the risk of hemorrhagic stroke remained unchanged. However, 30-day and 1-year mortality continued to be high.
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