M I Atagün1, E M Şıkoğlu2, S S Can3, G Karakaş-Uğurlu3, S Ulusoy-Kaymak4, A Çayköylü3, O Algın5, M L Phillips6, C M Moore7, D Öngür8. 1. Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Atatürk Training and Education Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: miatagun@ybu.edu.tr. 2. Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. 3. Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara Atatürk Training and Education Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Ankara Atatürk Training and Education Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. 5. Ankara Atatürk Training and Education Hospital, Radiology, Ankara, Turkey; Bilkent University, National MR Research Center, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey. 6. University of Pittsburgh, Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 7. Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. 8. Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Psychotic Disorders Division, Belmont, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Superior temporal cortices include brain regions dedicated to auditory processing and several lines of evidence suggest structural and functional abnormalities in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within this brain region. However, possible glutamatergic dysfunction within this region has not been investigated in adult patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with schizophrenia (38.67±12.46years of age), 28 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (35.32±9.12years of age), and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired using a 3.0T Siemens MAGNETOM TIM Trio MR system and single voxel Point REsolved Spectroscopy Sequence (PRESS) in order to quantify brain metabolites within the left and right Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale of superior temporal cortices. RESULTS: There were significant abnormalities in glutamate (Glu) (F(2,78)=8.52, p<0.0001), N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) (F(2,81)=5.73, p=0.005), creatine (tCr) (F(2,83)=5.91, p=0.004) and inositol (Ins) (F(2,82)=8.49, p<0.0001) concentrations in the left superior temporal cortex. In general, metabolite levels were lower for bipolar disorder patients when compared to healthy participants. Moreover, patients with bipolar disorder exhibited significantly lower tCr and Ins concentrations when compared to schizophrenia patients. In addition, we have found significant correlations between the superior temporal cortex metabolites and clinical measures. CONCLUSION: As the left auditory cortices are associated with language and speech, left hemisphere specific abnormalities may have clinical significance. Our findings are suggestive of shared glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
BACKGROUND: Superior temporal cortices include brain regions dedicated to auditory processing and several lines of evidence suggest structural and functional abnormalities in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within this brain region. However, possible glutamatergic dysfunction within this region has not been investigated in adult patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with schizophrenia (38.67±12.46years of age), 28 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (35.32±9.12years of age), and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired using a 3.0T Siemens MAGNETOM TIM Trio MR system and single voxel Point REsolved Spectroscopy Sequence (PRESS) in order to quantify brain metabolites within the left and right Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale of superior temporal cortices. RESULTS: There were significant abnormalities in glutamate (Glu) (F(2,78)=8.52, p<0.0001), N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) (F(2,81)=5.73, p=0.005), creatine (tCr) (F(2,83)=5.91, p=0.004) and inositol (Ins) (F(2,82)=8.49, p<0.0001) concentrations in the left superior temporal cortex. In general, metabolite levels were lower for bipolar disorderpatients when compared to healthy participants. Moreover, patients with bipolar disorder exhibited significantly lower tCr and Ins concentrations when compared to schizophreniapatients. In addition, we have found significant correlations between the superior temporal cortex metabolites and clinical measures. CONCLUSION: As the left auditory cortices are associated with language and speech, left hemisphere specific abnormalities may have clinical significance. Our findings are suggestive of shared glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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