[Femoral shaft fractures in children under 3 years old. Current treatment standard].

INTRODUCTION: Femoral shaft fractures in children are a common injury. Operative treatment is recommended for children above 3 years of age. The question of this investigation was the current clinical standard for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children under 3 years old.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: An e-mail questionnaire was sent to all clinics and hospital departments of the members of the German Society for Trauma Surgery and the German Society of Pediatric Surgery.
RESULTS: Out of 775 clinics and departments, 121 participated in the survey (16 %). From 2011 to 2012 overall 756 femoral shaft fractures of children 3 years and younger were treated of which 375 (50 %) were stabilized with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN), 183 (24 %) with an overhead extension, 178 (23 %) with a plaster cast and 9 (1 %) with external fixation. Finally, operative treatment was used in 51 % compared to 49 % with conservative treatment. DISCUSSION: Obviously, operative treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children younger than 3 years is routinely used despite the fact that there is no evidential basis for this approach. There are good arguments for and against operative and conservative forms of treatment. Indications for operative treatment include multiple trauma, open fractures, body weight over 20 kg, child already free walking and lack of stable fixation with conservative treatment. To achieve more evidence for the existing recommendation of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF, Working Group of the Scientific Medical Specialist Societies), further investigations are needed.