Ongoing challenges for pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia.

INTRODUCTION: While increasing evidence has led to lipid-modifying therapy achieving an important role in the treatment guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, these agents are suboptimally used and there remains a considerable risk of clinical events. Accordingly, there is a need to develop more effective lipid-modifying approaches in many patients. AREAS COVERED: A literature search was performed of topical manuscripts focusing on factors influencing use of established therapies and new agents in development that target a range of lipid factors. EXPERT OPINION: More intensive efforts are required to ensure that statin use is maximized in higher risk patients. A range of novel therapies, including proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-type 9 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, may provide additional protection, although this remains to be established by clinical trials.