Giuseppe Ristagno1, Tommaso Mauri2, Giancarlo Cesana2, Yongqin Li2, Andrea Finzi2, Francesca Fumagalli2, Gianpiera Rossi2, Niccolò Grieco2, Maurizio Migliori2, Aida Andreassi2, Roberto Latini2, Carla Fornari2, Antonio Pesenti2. 1. From the IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (G.R., A.F., F.F., R.L.); Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (T.M., G.R., A.P.); Research Center on Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.C., C.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University and Chongqing University, Chongqing, China (Y.L.); and Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy (G.R., N.G., M.M., A.A., A.P.). gristag@gmail.com. 2. From the IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (G.R., A.F., F.F., R.L.); Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (T.M., G.R., A.P.); Research Center on Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.C., C.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University and Chongqing University, Chongqing, China (Y.L.); and Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy (G.R., N.G., M.M., A.A., A.P.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study sought to validate the ability of amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) to predict defibrillation success and long-term survival in a large population of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. METHODS AND RESULTS: ECGs recorded by automated external defibrillators from different manufacturers were obtained from patients with cardiac arrests occurring in 8 city areas. A database, including 2447 defibrillations from 1050 patients, was used as the derivation group, and an additional database, including 1381 defibrillations from 567 patients, served as validation. A 2-second ECG window before defibrillation was analyzed, and AMSA was calculated. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used for associations between AMSA and study end points: defibrillation success, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and long-term survival. Among the 2447 defibrillations of the derivation database, 26.2% were successful. AMSA was significantly higher before a successful defibrillation than a failing one (13 ± 5 versus 6.8 ± 3.5 mV-Hz) and was an independent predictor of defibrillation success (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.37) and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.26). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for defibrillation success prediction was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.88). AMSA was also significantly associated with long-term survival. The following AMSA thresholds were identified: 15.5 mV-Hz for defibrillation success and 6.5 mV-Hz for defibrillation failure. In the validation database, AMSA ≥ 15.5 mV-Hz had a positive predictive value of 84%, whereas AMSA ≤ 6.5 mV-Hz had a negative predictive value of 98%. CONCLUSIONS: In this large derivation-validation study, AMSA was validated as an accurate predictor of defibrillation success. AMSA also appeared as a predictor of long-term survival.
BACKGROUND: This study sought to validate the ability of amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) to predict defibrillation success and long-term survival in a large population of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. METHODS AND RESULTS: ECGs recorded by automated external defibrillators from different manufacturers were obtained from patients with cardiac arrests occurring in 8 city areas. A database, including 2447 defibrillations from 1050 patients, was used as the derivation group, and an additional database, including 1381 defibrillations from 567 patients, served as validation. A 2-second ECG window before defibrillation was analyzed, and AMSA was calculated. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used for associations between AMSA and study end points: defibrillation success, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and long-term survival. Among the 2447 defibrillations of the derivation database, 26.2% were successful. AMSA was significantly higher before a successful defibrillation than a failing one (13 ± 5 versus 6.8 ± 3.5 mV-Hz) and was an independent predictor of defibrillation success (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.37) and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.26). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for defibrillation success prediction was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.88). AMSA was also significantly associated with long-term survival. The following AMSA thresholds were identified: 15.5 mV-Hz for defibrillation success and 6.5 mV-Hz for defibrillation failure. In the validation database, AMSA ≥ 15.5 mV-Hz had a positive predictive value of 84%, whereas AMSA ≤ 6.5 mV-Hz had a negative predictive value of 98%. CONCLUSIONS: In this large derivation-validation study, AMSA was validated as an accurate predictor of defibrillation success. AMSA also appeared as a predictor of long-term survival.
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