Yajun Liang1, Dongqing Hou2, Xiaoyi Shan3, Xiaoyuan Zhao2, Yuehua Hu4, Benyu Jiang5, Liang Wang6, Junting Liu2, Hong Cheng2, Ping Yang2, Xinying Shan2, Yinkun Yan2, Philip J Chowienczyk7, Jie Mi8. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. 3. Drake University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Services, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 5. King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK. 6. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, TN, USA. 7. King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK. Electronic address: phil.chowienczyk@kcl.ac.uk. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jiemi@vip.163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: There are few studies investigating the long-term association between childhood blood pressure (BP) and adult cardiovascular remodeling. We seek to examine the effect of elevated childhood BP on cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood. METHODS: We used the "Beijing BP Cohort Study", where 1259 subjects aged 6-18 years old were followed over 24 years from childhood (1987) to early or middle adulthood (2011). Anthropometric measures and BP were obtained at baseline and follow-up examinations. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured to assess cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular remodeling. RESULTS: 82 out of 384 children with elevated BP (21.4%) had adult hypertension. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.4-3.1) likely to develop hypertension in early or middle adulthood. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at higher OR of developing high cfPWV (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4), high cIMT (1.4, 1.0-1.9), or high LVMI (1.4, 1.0-1.9) in early or middle adulthood. The ORs for remodeling (for any measures) were 1.4 (0.9-2.0) in early adulthood for children age 6-11 years, and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in middle adulthood for those aged 12-18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Children with elevated BP from 6 years old have accelerated remodeling on both cardiac and arterial system in early or middle adulthood.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: There are few studies investigating the long-term association between childhood blood pressure (BP) and adult cardiovascular remodeling. We seek to examine the effect of elevated childhood BP on cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood. METHODS: We used the "Beijing BP Cohort Study", where 1259 subjects aged 6-18 years old were followed over 24 years from childhood (1987) to early or middle adulthood (2011). Anthropometric measures and BP were obtained at baseline and follow-up examinations. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured to assess cardiovascular remodeling in early or middle adulthood. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular remodeling. RESULTS: 82 out of 384 children with elevated BP (21.4%) had adult hypertension. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.4-3.1) likely to develop hypertension in early or middle adulthood. Compared to those with normal BP, children with elevated BP were at higher OR of developing high cfPWV (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4), high cIMT (1.4, 1.0-1.9), or high LVMI (1.4, 1.0-1.9) in early or middle adulthood. The ORs for remodeling (for any measures) were 1.4 (0.9-2.0) in early adulthood for children age 6-11 years, and 1.6 (1.1-2.4) in middle adulthood for those aged 12-18 years. CONCLUSIONS:Children with elevated BP from 6 years old have accelerated remodeling on both cardiac and arterial system in early or middle adulthood.
Authors: Natalia S Lima; Hema Krishna; Ben S Gerber; Kevin S Heffernan; Brooks B Gump; Wesley K Lefferts Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2021-03-12 Impact factor: 3.012