Burkhard Schmidt1, Jos A Bosch2, Marc N Jarczok3, Raphael M Herr2, Adrian Loerbroks4, Annelies E M van Vianen5, Joachim E Fischer3. 1. Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: burkhard.schmidt@medma.uni-heidelberg.de. 2. Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 4. Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 5. Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Job stress is a predictor of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the key pathways potentially underlying those associations. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) represents one of the most influential theoretical work stress models, but evidence on its relationship with MetS remains sparse and with only limited generalizability. We therefore aimed to determine this association in a large occupational sample with different occupational groups. METHODS: The present study used cross-sectional data from an industrial sample in Germany (n=4141). ERI was assessed by a validated 10-item questionnaire. MetS was defined according to a joined interim statement of six expert associations involved with MetS, stating that three out of five risk factors (raised blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein, raised fasting glucose and central obesity) qualify a patient for MetS. Multivariable associations of ERI, and its subcomponents "effort" and "reward", with MetS were estimated by logistic regression-based multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: ERI (continuous z-score) was positively associated with MetS (zERI: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03-1.26). The association was more prominent in males (zERI: OR 1.20, 95% CI=1.07-1.33) and in younger employees (age 18-49 zERI: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.09-1.40). Analysis of the ERI subcomponents yielded weak associations of both effort (zEffort: OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.00-1.25) and reward (zReward: OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.84-1.00) with MetS. CONCLUSIONS: ERI is associated with increased occurrence of MetS, in particular among younger men. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the temporal relation of these associations.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Job stress is a predictor of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the key pathways potentially underlying those associations. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) represents one of the most influential theoretical work stress models, but evidence on its relationship with MetS remains sparse and with only limited generalizability. We therefore aimed to determine this association in a large occupational sample with different occupational groups. METHODS: The present study used cross-sectional data from an industrial sample in Germany (n=4141). ERI was assessed by a validated 10-item questionnaire. MetS was defined according to a joined interim statement of six expert associations involved with MetS, stating that three out of five risk factors (raised blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein, raised fasting glucose and central obesity) qualify a patient for MetS. Multivariable associations of ERI, and its subcomponents "effort" and "reward", with MetS were estimated by logistic regression-based multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: ERI (continuous z-score) was positively associated with MetS (zERI: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03-1.26). The association was more prominent in males (zERI: OR 1.20, 95% CI=1.07-1.33) and in younger employees (age 18-49 zERI: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.09-1.40). Analysis of the ERI subcomponents yielded weak associations of both effort (zEffort: OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.00-1.25) and reward (zReward: OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.84-1.00) with MetS. CONCLUSIONS: ERI is associated with increased occurrence of MetS, in particular among younger men. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the temporal relation of these associations.
Authors: Linda L Magnusson Hanson; Hugo Westerlund; Marcel Goldberg; Marie Zins; Jussi Vahtera; Naja Hulvej Rod; Sari Stenholm; Andrew Steptoe; Mika Kivimäki Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2017-08-24 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Jaskanwal D Sara; Megha Prasad; Mackram F Eleid; Ming Zhang; R Jay Widmer; Amir Lerman Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2018-04-27 Impact factor: 5.501