Standardisation of 223Ra by liquid scintillation counting techniques and comparison with secondary measurements.

An aqueous solution of 223Ra chloride in equilibrium with its decay progeny was standardised by liquid scintillation counting techniques. Since secular equilibrium with the decay progeny of 223Ra had been established by the time of measurement, the apparent detection efficiency of 223Ra was approximately 6 and was determined by both the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing technique and the 4π(LS)-γ digital coincidence counting techniques. The results obtained were compared with γ-spectrometry and ionisation chamber measurements. Whilst the γ-spectrometry measurements were in agreement (albeit exhibiting a large spread (18%) in the individual activity estimations using the main γ-emissions), a significant discrepancy of the order of 9% was identified between the liquid scintillation counting results and those obtained using published calibration factors for a variety of radionuclide calibrators. Crown