Ken Harada1, Tetsuya Amano2, Takashi Kataoka3, Masahiro Takeshita3, Kazuhiro Harada3, Ayako Kunimura3, Yohei Takayama3, Norihiro Shinoda3, Bunichi Kato3, Tadayuki Uetani3, Masataka Kato3, Nobuyuki Marui3, Hideki Ishii4, Tatsuaki Matsubara5, Toyoaki Murohara4. 1. Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan. Electronic address: haraken@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. 3. Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 10-6 1-Chome Komei, Minato-ku, Nagoya 455-8530, Japan. 4. Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Ectopic fat accumulation is associated with coronary artery disease. Visceral adipose tissue has paracrine and systemic effects and is a source of adipocytokines. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis; however, nothing is known about whether increases in epicardial fat have the same effect on coronary atherosclerosis as increases in abdominal visceral fat. METHODS: We examined 216 consecutive patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome and inadequate computed tomography (CT) imaging were excluded. We enrolled 164 patients (65 ± 10 years old; 70% men; body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m(2)). The plasma concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and epicardial fat volume (EFV) were determined by 64-slice CT imaging. RESULTS: EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 mL vs. 98 ± 34 mL and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma levels of adipocytokines. The plasma adiponectin and IL-6 concentration was significantly correlated with abdominal visceral fat area in coronary plaque patients (r = -0.49 and 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In non-obese Japanese patients, epicardial fat may have unique mechanisms affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which is different from abdominal visceral fat.
OBJECTIVE: Ectopic fat accumulation is associated with coronary artery disease. Visceral adipose tissue has paracrine and systemic effects and is a source of adipocytokines. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis; however, nothing is known about whether increases in epicardial fat have the same effect on coronary atherosclerosis as increases in abdominal visceral fat. METHODS: We examined 216 consecutive patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome and inadequate computed tomography (CT) imaging were excluded. We enrolled 164 patients (65 ± 10 years old; 70% men; body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m(2)). The plasma concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and epicardial fat volume (EFV) were determined by 64-slice CT imaging. RESULTS:EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 mL vs. 98 ± 34 mL and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma levels of adipocytokines. The plasma adiponectin and IL-6 concentration was significantly correlated with abdominal visceral fat area in coronary plaque patients (r = -0.49 and 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In non-obese Japanese patients, epicardial fat may have unique mechanisms affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which is different from abdominal visceral fat.
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