Shang-Ru Tsai1, Rui Yin2, Ying-Ying Huang3, Bor-Ching Sheu4, Si-Chen Lee5, Michael R Hamblin6. 1. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. 3. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: Hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is used to stimulate healing, reduce pain and inflammation, and preserve tissue from dying. LLLT has been shown to protect cells in culture from dying after various cytotoxic insults, and LLLT is known to increase the cellular ATP content. Previous studies have demonstrated that maintaining a sufficiently high ATP level is necessary for the efficient induction and execution of apoptosis steps after photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: We asked whether LLLT would protect cells from cytotoxicity due to PDT, or conversely whether LLLT would enhance the efficacy of PDT mediated by mono-l-aspartyl chlorin(e6) (NPe6). Increased ATP could lead to enhanced cell uptake of NPe6 by the energy dependent process of endocytosis, and also to more efficient apoptosis. In this study, human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was subjected to 1.5J/cm(2) of 810nm near infrared radiation (NIR) followed by addition of 10μM NPe6 and after 2h incubation by 1.5J/cm(2) of 652nm red light for PDT. RESULTS: PDT combined with LLLT led to higher cell death and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species compared to PDT alone. The uptake of NPe6 was moderately increased by LLLT, and cellular ATP was increased. The mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A abrogated the LLLT-induced increase in cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results demonstrate that LLLT potentiates NPe6-mediated PDT via increased ATP synthesis and is a potentially promising strategy that could be applied in clinical PDT.
BACKGROUND: Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is used to stimulate healing, reduce pain and inflammation, and preserve tissue from dying. LLLT has been shown to protect cells in culture from dying after various cytotoxic insults, and LLLT is known to increase the cellular ATP content. Previous studies have demonstrated that maintaining a sufficiently high ATP level is necessary for the efficient induction and execution of apoptosis steps after photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: We asked whether LLLT would protect cells from cytotoxicity due to PDT, or conversely whether LLLT would enhance the efficacy of PDT mediated by mono-l-aspartyl chlorin(e6) (NPe6). Increased ATP could lead to enhanced cell uptake of NPe6 by the energy dependent process of endocytosis, and also to more efficient apoptosis. In this study, humanosteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was subjected to 1.5J/cm(2) of 810nm near infrared radiation (NIR) followed by addition of 10μM NPe6 and after 2h incubation by 1.5J/cm(2) of 652nm red light for PDT. RESULTS: PDT combined with LLLT led to higher cell death and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species compared to PDT alone. The uptake of NPe6 was moderately increased by LLLT, and cellular ATP was increased. The mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A abrogated the LLLT-induced increase in cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results demonstrate that LLLT potentiates NPe6-mediated PDT via increased ATP synthesis and is a potentially promising strategy that could be applied in clinical PDT.
Authors: Judith A E M Zecha; Judith E Raber-Durlacher; Raj G Nair; Joel B Epstein; Stephen T Sonis; Sharon Elad; Michael R Hamblin; Andrei Barasch; Cesar A Migliorati; Dan M J Milstein; Marie-Thérèse Genot; Liset Lansaat; Ron van der Brink; Josep Arnabat-Dominguez; Lisette van der Molen; Irene Jacobi; Judi van Diessen; Jan de Lange; Ludi E Smeele; Mark M Schubert; René-Jean Bensadoun Journal: Support Care Cancer Date: 2016-03-16 Impact factor: 3.603
Authors: Natalia V Kalmykova; Anna V Shcherbanyuk; Sergei I Moiseev; Natalia V Bichkova; Natalia I Davidova; Kira A Samoilova Journal: Laser Ther Date: 2019-09-30
Authors: Mohammed A Hadis; Siti A Zainal; Michelle J Holder; James D Carroll; Paul R Cooper; Michael R Milward; William M Palin Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2016-03-10 Impact factor: 3.161
Authors: Stefania Lenna; Chiara Bellotti; Serena Duchi; Elisa Martella; Marta Columbaro; Barbara Dozza; Marco Ballestri; Andrea Guerrini; Giovanna Sotgiu; Tommaso Frisoni; Luca Cevolani; Greta Varchi; Mauro Ferrari; Davide Maria Donati; Enrico Lucarelli Journal: J Exp Clin Cancer Res Date: 2020-02-22